A Nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy System with Singular Potential, Degenerate Mobility, and Sources

• Published in: Applied mathematics & optimization Vol. 91; no. 2; p. 39
• Main Authors: Cavaterra, Cecilia, Frigeri, Sergio, Grasselli, Maurizio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Applied mathematics; Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control; Optimization; Chemical potential; Control; Entropy; Fluid flow; Free energy; Incompressible flow; Kinematics; Mathematical and Computational Physics; Mathematical Methods in Physics; Mathematics; Mathematics and Statistics; Numerical and Computational Physics; Optimization; Simulation; Systems Theory; Theoretical; Viscosity; Degenerate mobility; Darcy’s law; Weak solutions; Nonlocal free energy; 35Q35; 76D27; 76T06; 37L30; Cahn–Hilliard equation; Singular potential; Global attractor
• ISSN: 0095-4616; 1432-0606
• DOI: 10.1007/s00245-025-10239-5

We consider a Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy system for an incompressible mixture of two fluids we already analyzed in [ 9 ]. In this system, the relative concentration difference φ obeys a convective nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility and singular (e.g., logarithmic) potential, while the volume averaged fluid velocity u is given by a Darcy’s law subject to the Korteweg force μ ∇ φ , where the chemical potential μ is defined by means of a nonlocal Helmholtz free energy. The kinematic viscosity η depends on φ . With respect to the quoted contribution, here we assume that the Darcy’s law is subject to gravity and to a given additional source. Moreover, we suppose that the Cahn–Hilliard equation and the chemical potential contain source terms. Our main goal is to establish the existence of two notions of weak solutions. The first, called “generalized” weak solution, is based a convenient splitting of μ so that the entropy derivative does not need to be integrable. The second is slightly stronger and allows to reconstruct μ and to prove the validity of a canonical energy identity. For this reason, the latter is called “natural” weak solution. The rigorous relation between the two notions of weak solution is also analyzed. The existence of a global attractor for generalized weak solutions and time independent sources is then demonstrated via the theory of generalized semiflows introduced by J.M. Ball.