Resonant InGaAs Detectors and Emitters for Passive and Active Imaging Application

• Published in: IEEE journal of quantum electronics Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 1 - 13
• Main Authors: Choi, Kwong-Kit, Oduor, Patrick, Dhar, Nibir K., Dutta, Achyut K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.02.2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Avalanche diodes; Avalanche photodiode; Avalanche photodiodes; cavity quantum electrodynamics; Confinement; Dark current; Detectors; electromagnetic modeling; Emitters; Gallium indium arsenide phosphide; III-V semiconductor materials; Indium gallium arsenide; Indium phosphide; light emitting diode; Light emitting diodes; Optical resonators; p-i-n detector; P-i-n photodiodes; Photoelectric effect; Photoelectric emission; Quantum efficiency; resonator; Substrates
• ISSN: 0018-9197; 1558-1713
• DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2022.3231260

In this work, we design an InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) with a higher photocurrent to dark current ratio than a conventional APD. The improvement is based on optical confinement in an optical resonator, which increases the optical intensity in the detector volume and thus its quantum efficiency. With optical confinement, the absorbing layer can be 20 times thinner than the conventional APD, reducing the intrinsic generation-recombination dark current by the same amount and still be able to produce 90.9% of the photocurrent. The photocurrent to intrinsic dark current ratio can thus be increased theoretically by 18.2 times in concomitant with a lower operating voltage. Higher photocurrent can also be obtained using a thicker absorber. Besides APDs, the optical resonator structure can also be applied to p-i-n photodiodes for similar improvement. To further increase the detection sensitivity, we design an efficient InGaAsP light emitting diode (LED) having a similar resonator geometry. The resonator geometry enables more collimated emission and increases the optical power theoretically by more than 36 times compared to a conventional LED. Integrating the resonant APD and LED together will yield a powerful SWIR transceiver for various low light, LIDAR, and 3-dimensional imaging applications.