FLT3-ITD Mutation and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Study

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 7
• Main Authors: Saeed, Shahzeb, Halappa Nagaraj, Raghu, Grezenko, Han, Rehman, Abdur, Shehryar, Abdullah, Anwaar, Mohammad Ahsan, Lazarevic, Slobodan, Shahzed, S. M. Iram, Das, Archana, Vargas, Karla I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Palo Alto Cureus Inc 26.07.2023; Cureus
• Subjects: Biopsy; Blood; Blood cancer; Bone marrow; Case reports; Chemotherapy; Cytogenetics; Fever; Hematology; Induction therapy; Internal medicine; Leukemia; Medical prognosis; Mutation; Oncology; Pathology; Patients; Remission (Medicine); Stem cell transplantation
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42504

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic cancer that is characterized by unchecked myeloid precursor cell growth in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, which results in an overabundance of immature myeloid cells. The 22-year-old man featured in this case report had a fever, tiredness, and easy bruising. Pancytopenia was discovered through laboratory testing, and an AML diagnosis was confirmed by a bone marrow biopsy, with myeloid blasts making up 85% of the nucleated cells. FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations were found by genetic testing. After receiving induction chemotherapy using the drugs daunorubicin and cytarabine, the patient experienced complete remission after just one cycle of treatment. He then had an allogeneic stem cell transplant and was still in remission during follow-up. This example highlights the significance of early AML diagnosis and detection, as well as the function of molecular profiling and risk stratification in directing treatment choices. It emphasizes the requirement for continued study to produce novel treatments and enhance results for AML patients. In general, this case study advances knowledge of AML and its management techniques. For AML patients to experience the best results, early diagnosis, risk assessment, and individualized therapy plans based on molecular profiling are essential. AML patients' prognosis and quality of life can be improved by the development of targeted medicines, which require ongoing study to better understand the disease.