Anti-CASPR2 Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Presenting as Refractory Seizures

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare immune-mediated disorder comprised of non-infectious neuroinflammatory disease processes. Clinical presentation overlaps with a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders and infectious encephalitis; therefore, AE remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Patients may...

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Published inCurēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 7; p. e64317
Main Authors Balaji, Nivedha, Ignatowicz, Aleksandra, Kalra, Aarushi, Mansour, Rami, Jadhav, Vaishali
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Cureus Inc 11.07.2024
Subjects
Antibodies
Antigens
Autoimmune diseases
Consciousness
Convulsions & seizures
Electroencephalography
Encephalitis
Encephalomyelitis
Epilepsy
Etiology
Hospitalization
Leukocytes
Magnetic resonance imaging
Pneumonia
Tomography
Viral infections
autoimmune encephalitis
recurrent seizures
encephalitis
encephalitides
paraneoplastic syndrome
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Summary:Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare immune-mediated disorder comprised of non-infectious neuroinflammatory disease processes. Clinical presentation overlaps with a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders and infectious encephalitis; therefore, AE remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as psychiatric disturbances, cognitive deficits, seizures, movement disorders, and confusion. Prompt diagnosis and management are necessary for patients with AE to decrease mortality and improve quality of life. First-line therapy includes immunosuppression with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. We report the case of an 86-year-old female with a medical history of Parkinson's disease who presented with nonspecific seizure-like activity and was diagnosed with AE.
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ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.64317