Optic neuritis associated with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: a case report

Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that primarily affects the optic nerve and is often associated with multiple sclerosis. While it is rare for optic neuritis to be accompanied by autoimmune encephalitis, it can occur in some cases. A 65-year-old woman with bipolar disorder pre...

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Published inEncephalitis (Online) Vol. 3; no. 3; pp. 94 - 96
Main Authors Hah, Hyungseok, Lee, Yonghyun, Lee, Ho-Won, Jeon, Ji-Ye
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Korea (South) Korean Encephalitis and Neuroinflammation Society 01.07.2023
Subjects
Case Report
encephalitis
optic neuritis
status epilepticus
Encephalitis
Status epilepticus
Optic neuritis
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Summary:Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that primarily affects the optic nerve and is often associated with multiple sclerosis. While it is rare for optic neuritis to be accompanied by autoimmune encephalitis, it can occur in some cases. A 65-year-old woman with bipolar disorder presented with a progressively altered mentality. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed no definite abnormal findings. Electroencephalography revealed nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Cerebrospinal fluid study and autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitis antibodies were negative. The patient was diagnosed with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis and treated with methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab. Her condition gradually improved except for persistent blindness on the left side. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis even in the absence of identifiable pathogenic antibodies when clinical manifestations and response to immunotherapy support such a diagnosis.
ISSN:2765-4559
2734-1461
DOI:10.47936/encephalitis.2023.00024