Femoral Translation in Patients with Unicompartmental Osteoarthritis—A Cohort Study

• Published in: Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 4; no. 3; pp. 428 - 438
• Main Authors: Wegner, Mathis, Kuwert, Simon, Kratzenstein, Stefan, Simon, Maciej J. K., Moradi, Babak
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 01.09.2024
• Subjects: 3D gait analysis; femorotibial translation; knee osteoarthritis
• ISSN: 2673-7078; 2673-7078
• DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4030029

The use of three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis to image femorotibial translation can aid in the diagnosis of pathology and provide additional insight into the severity of KOA (knee osteoarthritis). Femorotibial translation is of particular importance in patients undergoing UKA (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty), as the absence or elongation of ligamentous structures results in changes in the kinematic alignment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the parameters of femorotibial translation in patients with MOA (medial unicompartmental OA). An artificial model was employed to develop a method for calculating femorotibial translation in vitro. In a prospective cohort study, gait data using three-dimensional gait analysis were collected from 11 patients (68.73 ± 9.22 years) with severe OA scheduled for UKA and 29 unmatched healthy participants (22.07 ± 2.23 years). The discrete variables characterising femorotibial translation were compared for statistical significance (p < 0.05) using the Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test. The results of the study validated an artificial model to mimic femorotibial translation. The comparison of patients scheduled for UKA and a healthy unmatched control group showed no statistically significant differences concerning femorotibial translation in all three planes (p > 0.05). However, the PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures), spatiotemporal, and kinematic parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). The data presented here demonstrate typical changes in PROMs as well as spatiotemporal and kinematic outcomes for MOA as seen in knee OA. The results of the clinical gait analyses demonstrate individualised femorotibial translation. The extent of individual femorotibial translation may prove to be an important parameter for altered joint kinematics in patients with MOA, especially prior to UKA implantation.