The subject advantage in LIS internally headed relative clauses: an eye-tracking study

• Published in: Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 343 - 356
• Main Authors: Fornasiero, Elena, Hauser, Charlotte, Branchini, Chiara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.03.2025
• ISSN: 1366-7289; 1469-1841
• DOI: 10.1017/S1366728924000415

The scarce literature on the processing of internally headed relative clauses (IHRCs) seems to challenge the universality of the subject advantage (e.g., Lau & Tanaka [2021, Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics , 6 (1), 34], for spoken languages; Hauser et al. [2021, Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics , 6 (1), 72], for sign languages). In this study, we investigate the comprehension of subject and object IHRCs in Italian Sign Language (LIS) deaf native and non-native signers, and hearing LIS/Italian CODAs (children of deaf adults). We use the eye-tracking Visual-only World Paradigm (Hauser & Pozniak [2019, Poster presented at the AMLAP 2019 conference]) recording online and offline responses. Results show that a subject advantage is detected in the online and offline responses of CODAs and in the offline responses of deaf native signers. Results also reveal a higher rate of accuracy in CODAs' responses. We discuss the difference in performance between the two populations in the light of bilingualism-related cognitive advantages, and lack of proper educational training in Italian and LIS for the deaf population in Italy.