Neurophysiological effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in social anxiety: An ERP study using a dot-probe task

• Published in: Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry Vol. 85; p. 101988
• Main Authors: Jiang, Ting, Song, Sutao, Zhao, Shimeng, Tian, Xiaodong, Zhang, Mingxian, Feng, Jing, Ge, Ruiyang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2024
• Subjects: Cognitive behavioral therapy; Dot-probe; ERPs; Social anxiety disorder; Dot-probe; ERPs; Social anxiety disorder; Cognitive behavioral therapy
• ISSN: 0005-7916; 1873-7943; 1873-7943
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101988

Social anxious individuals show attention bias towards emotional stimuli, this phenomenon is considered to be an important cause of anxiety generation and maintenance. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a standard psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder. CBT decreases attention biases by correcting the maladaptive beliefs of socially anxious individuals, but it is not clear whether CBT alters neurophysiological features of socially anxious individuals at early automatic and/or late cognitive strategy stage of attentional processing. To address this knowledge gap, we collected pre-treatment event-related potential data of 22 socially anxious individuals while they performed a dot-probe task. These participants then received eight weeks of CBT, and post-treatment ERP data were collected after completion of CBT treatment. We also included 29 healthy controls and compared them with individuals with social anxiety to determine the neural mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of CBT. Participants’ social anxiety level was significantly alleviated with CBT. ERP results revealed that (1) compared to pre-treatment phase, P1 amplitudes induced by probes significantly decreased at post-treatment phase, whereas P3 amplitudes increased at post-treatment phase; the P1 amplitudes induced by probes following happy-neutral face pairs in socially anxious individuals after treatment was significantly different with that in healthy controls; (2) amplitude of components elicited by face pairs did not change significantly between pre-treatment and post-treatment phases; (3) changes of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale were positively correlated with changes of P1 amplitude, and negatively correlated with changes of N1 amplitude. Our sample was university students and lacked randomization, which limits the generalizability of the results. The present results demonstrated that CBT may adjust cognitive strategies in the later stage of attentional processing, indicating by changed ERPs appeared in probe-presenting stage for social anxiety. •Neurophysiological correlates of CBT was investigated in socially anxious individuals.•Decreased P1 and increased P3 amplitude in response to probes were observed.•Therapeutic effectiveness of CBT may be related to adjustments in cognitive strategies.•Short duration of face pairs is sensitive to CBT improvement.