Pharmacokinetic study of local and systemic gentamicin concentrations after subcutaneous implantation of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge in dogs

• Published in: The veterinary journal (1997) Vol. 307; p. 106201
• Main Authors: Bhawono Dadi, T., Devriendt, N., Cherlet, M., Devreese, M., Polis, I., de Rooster, H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2024
• Subjects: Gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges; Local antimicrobial; MRSP; Pharmacokinetic; Wound; Local antimicrobial; Wound; MRSP; Gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges; Pharmacokinetic
• ISSN: 1090-0233; 1532-2971; 1532-2971
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106201

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of commercial gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges (GICS) applied subcutaneously in dogs. In six healthy beagles, an 11 ×6 cm subcutaneous pocket was created, a folded 10×10 cm GICS was inserted, and saline was injected to mimic a seroma. Wound fluid samples were aspirated, and the gentamicin concentration was determined. Simultaneously, blood samples were collected to evaluate the corresponding systemic gentamicin concentration. All samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 hours after GICS placement. The local Cmax of gentamicin was reached after 0.5 hours (range, 0.5–1.0 hours) post-implantation in 5/6 dogs at a median concentration of 2053.3 µg/mL (range, 918.0–2791.9 µg/mL). Whitin 24 hours, the local concentration dropped below the MIC for Staphylococcus sp. (4 µg/mL) in 5/6 dogs. Plasma Cmax was achieved at a median of 1.2 hours post-implantation (range, 1.0–2.0 hours) and reached a median concentration of 10.3 µg/mL (range, 8.8–18.03 µg/mL). After 6 hours, the gentamicin concentration in the plasma was below 4 µg/mL in all dogs. The GICS provided a high local concentration of gentamicin in a short time with a local Cmax:MIC ratio of 513:1, largely sufficient to eliminate susceptible bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and Pseudomonas sp., in a clinical setting. The repeated administration of saline in the present study seemed to have induced a quicker gentamicin release from the GICS than described in previous studies that typically dealt with "drier" wounds. •Appropriate antimicrobial selection is more and more challenging.•Gentamicin retains excellent susceptibility against resistent bacteria.•Gentamicin has a poor tissue penetration and narrow therapeutic toxic index.•Gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges provided high local concentrations.•Plasma gentamicin concentration after local application remained low.