Predicting the elastic properties of Norway spruce by its morphology

• Published in: International journal of mechanical sciences Vol. 282; p. 109570
• Main Authors: Hoppe, Karl-Alexander, Hönack, Pablo Francisco Ramírez, Schmid, Simon, Kollofrath, Jochen, Chocholaty, Bettina, Papaioannou, Iason, Marburg, Steffen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 15.11.2024
• Subjects: Curvature; Homogenization; Knots; Material model; Spiral grain; Wood; Homogenization; Spiral grain; Wood; Material model; Curvature; Knots
• ISSN: 0020-7403
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2024.109570

Models for the elastic material properties of wood aim to predict the mechanical response of wooden structures to external loading. Traditionally, the variability of these properties in trees is described by a taxonomy of growth defects that is typically based on visual indicators in the material. This includes curvature, knots, and spiral grain models. Existing meso- and macro-scale models fail to describe the uncertainty connected to the local heterogeneity of the material. In this paper, we propose a novel meso-scale model that describes the natural variability of Norway spruce morphology and material properties based on random field theory. Our approach removes the need for a taxonomy of growth defects and enables uncertainty quantification of the stiffness and density in a straightforward fashion using simulations. This may enhance confidence for stiffness-graded applications, where the dynamic resonant behavior of wood structures is relevant and growth anomalies are present. Further, our stochastic models can generate images that realistically mimic wood patterns, which is relevant for applications like synthetic wood panels and flooring. [Display omitted] •Validated meso-scale material model for wood using fiber direction and density.•Stochastic model for natural growth features: spiral grain, taper, and curvature.•Probabilistic model for branch knot distribution in the growth direction.•Generation of images that mimic real wood annual ring patterns.