Persistence of widespread moderate Spinosad resistance among wild melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae) and oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) populations on the major Hawaiian islands

• Published in: Pest management science Vol. 80; no. 11; pp. 5640 - 5647
• Main Authors: Stockton, Dara G., Kraft, Laura, Dombrowski, Patricia, Doucette, Laura, Bosch, Michael, Gutierrez‐Coarite, Rosemary, Manandhar, Roshan, Uyeda, Jensen, Silva, Joshua, Hawkins, Jennifer, Shikano, Ikkei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.11.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Bactrocera; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Bactrocera dorsalis; Drug Combinations; Food security; Fruit flies; Fruits; Hawai'i; Hawaii; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Insecticides - pharmacology; Invasive insects; Invasive species; Islands; Macrolides - pharmacology; Male; Pest control; Pesticide resistance; Populations; Public domain; Spinosad; tephritidae; Tephritidae - drug effects; Thorax; Zeugodacus; Zeugodacus cucurbitae; Hawaii; United States > US; Bactrocera; Hawai'i; Spinosad; insecticide resistance; Zeugodacus; tephritidae
• ISSN: 1526-498X; 1526-4998; 1526-4998
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.8279

BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance among invasive tephritid fruit flies poses a great risk to national food security and has the potential to disrupt quarantine and eradication programs, which rely on the efficacy of Spinosad to prevent widespread establishment in North America. During 2022 to 2023 we surveyed the extent of Spinosad resistance of two key species, oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, and melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae, from 20 sites across five Hawaiian Islands including Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, Molokai and the “Big Island” (Hawai'i). RESULTS We used topical thoracic applications of eight concentrations of Spinosad ranging from 0.028 to 3.6 mg/mL to evaluate the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC99) required to kill wild‐caught males. Resistance ratios (RR) were calculated by comparing the LC50 of wild flies to laboratory susceptible lines maintained in colony. Our results identified at least two new sites of concern for melon fly resistance on the Big Island, and at least four sites of concern for oriental fruit fly, all of which were located on the Big Island. At these locations RRs were >5. On O'ahu, melon fly RRs were >10. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of Spinosad resistance is concerning, yet it is a reduction compared to the values reported previously and before changes to Spinosad use recommendations by local extension agents beginning in 2017. For oriental fruit fly, these RR values are the highest levels that have been detected in wild Hawai'i populations. These data suggest that expanded Spinosad reduction and replacement programs are warranted given the ongoing issues with Spinosad resistance in Hawai'i and expansion in the number of species affected. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Results of a 2‐year field survey of Spinosad resistance across the islands of Hawaii during 2022–2023. In total >5500 oriental fruit flies and melon fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) were tested from 20 sites on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai and Big Island (Hawai'i).