Nitro-PAHs: Occurrences, ecological consequences, and remediation strategies for environmental restoration

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are persistent pollutants that have been introduced into the environment as a result of human activities. They are produced when PAHs undergo oxidation and are highly resistant to degradation, resulting in prolonged exposure and significant heal...

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Published inChemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 356; p. 141795
Main Authors Sarma, Hemen, Gogoi, Bhoirob, Guan, Chung-Yu, Yu, Chang-Ping
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2024
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Summary:Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are persistent pollutants that have been introduced into the environment as a result of human activities. They are produced when PAHs undergo oxidation and are highly resistant to degradation, resulting in prolonged exposure and significant health risks for wildlife and humans. Nitro-PAHs' potential to induce cancer and mutations has raised concerns about their harmful effects. Furthermore, their ability to accumulate in the food chain seriously threatens the ecosystem and human health. Moreover, nitro-PAHs can disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine system, leading to reproductive and developmental problems in humans and other organisms. Reducing nitro-PAHs in the environment through source management, physical removal, and chemical treatment is essential to mitigate the associated environmental and human health risks. Recent studies have focused on improving nitro-PAHs' phytoremediation by incorporating microorganisms and biostimulants. Microbes can break down nitro-PAHs into less harmful substances, while biostimulants can enhance plant growth and metabolic activity. By combining these elements, the effectiveness of phytoremediation for nitro-PAHs can be increased. This study aimed to investigate the impact of introducing microbial and biostimulant agents on the phytoremediation process for nitro-PAHs and identify potential solutions for addressing the environmental risks associated with these pollutants. [Display omitted] •Nitro-PAHs, arising from human and natural sources, pose environmental challenges due to their persistence and long-range transport.•Exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact raises concerns for health, including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity risks.•Nitro-PAHs disrupt the endocrine system, leading to reproductive and developmental problems.•Incorporating microorganisms and biostimulants enhances phytoremediation for nitro-PAHs.
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ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141795