Auditory P300 abnormalities and leukocyte activation in HIV infection

• Published in: Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery Vol. 110; no. 1; p. 53
• Main Authors: Birdsall, H H, Ozluoglu, L N, Lew, H L, Trial, J, Brown, D P, Wofford, M J, Jerger, J F, Rossen, R D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.01.1994
• Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Audiometry, Pure-Tone; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory - physiology; Flow Cytometry; HIV Core Protein p24 - blood; HIV Infections - immunology; HIV Infections - physiopathology; Humans; Leukocytes - immunology; Leukocytes - physiology; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases - microbiology; Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology; Prospective Studies; Quinolinic Acid - blood; Reaction Time - physiology
• ISSN: 0194-5998
• DOI: 10.1016/S0194-5998(94)70792-8

To evaluate whether P300 testing might serve as a screening modality for the early detection of HIV-related neuropathology, we tested 26 HIV-infected men (23 without neurologic symptoms, 2 with peripheral neuropathy, 1 with AIDS-associated dementia) and 15 controls. Although they had no overt neurologic symptoms, the P300 latency was delayed or undetectable in 30% of patients without clinically evident neurologic disease. P300 latencies did not correlate with peripheral blood CD4 T-cell count, serum quinolinic acid or p24 antigen levels, or the numbers of activated peripheral blood monocytes. Three individuals with abnormal P300 latencies had been HIV-seropositive for < or = 1 year, suggesting that delayed evoked responses detect early neurologic dysfunction. P300 responses do not predict imminent dementia. In only one previously asymptomatic individual with abnormal P300 waveforms have overt neurologic symptoms developed during a 2-year followup. Extended longitudinal studies will be necessary to define the predictive value of P300 latencies in the development of AIDS-related dementia. However, the sensitivity, quantitative nature, and speed of administration of this test suggest that it may be useful for identification of early neurologic involvement in HIV infection.