STUDY OF URINE PH, HYPERCALCIURIA, URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH STONE COMPOSITION IN BHOPAL REGION

• Published in: Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences Vol. 4; no. 88; pp. 15298 - 15304
• Main Authors: Damor, Mahendra, Songra, M.C, Patbamniya, Naveen Kumar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Akshantala Enterprises Private Limited 02.11.2015
• Subjects: Comparative analysis; Health aspects; Medical research; Oxalates; Oxalic acid; Phosphates; Uric acid; Urinary tract infections
• ISSN: 2278-4748; 2278-4802
• DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2015/2175

This prospective case control study is an attempt to study the importance and significance of urinary pH, urinary tract infection (Urinary Culture) and hypercalciuria and its correlation with stone composition in patients of urolithiasis. METHODS: This prospective cases control study is done at the Department of Surgery, Gandhi Medical College & Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.) India from October 2013 to October 2014. We have included 25 healthy persons as control group for the comparison of study group i.e. patients of urolithiasis. RESULTS: Total (43.5%) persons were having stones in upper urinary tract. The mean age (+/-SD) of the study group was 31.5 for the males and 34.5 for the females. In control group it was 30.4 males and 30.2 for the females. The overall ratio of M/F was 1.5:1.0 in stone former (Study group) group and 2.1:1.0 in control group. Most (82.5%) of stone former persons were in lower and middle socioeconomic group. 65.2% persons in stone former group were taking water less than 2 liters per day while in normal control group it was 48%. Milk and milk products consumption was very high in stone formers i.e. 34/46(73.9%). Pain in the flanks is the first symptom of upper urinary tract calculi. Haematuria and burning during micturition were present in 75% and 50% patients respectively. Pain during micturition was in 75% of the stone formers. Urinary pH was mostly acidic in stone formers. The pH of urine in stone formers was 5.40 [+ or -] 0.05 whereas in control group it was 6.34 [+ or -] 0.08. In our study we found that most of the stones formed in normal acidic urine pH were composed of mainly calcium oxalate as dominant component while in alkaline urine at pH 6 to 8 triple phosphate is the major stone component. Uric acid is mainly present in stones formed in acidic urine. 24 Hours urine volume was significantly low in stone formers (750 [+ or -] 156ml) than in normal individuals (1250 [+ or -] 250ml). S. Calcium level was also raised marginally i.e. 1.1 [+ or -] 0.7mEq/l in 15.8% of the stone formers as compared to normal control group persons. 21.5% of the stone formers had slightly raised serum uric acid levels i.e. 7.7 [+ or -] 0.3. Urine culture was positive in 11/46 stone former i.e. 26%. While in normal control, it was 12% person having positive culture of urine. Proteus isolated in 54% cases of Urinary stones diseases at alkaline pH of urine and Klebsiella were isolated in 18% at pH 7-8 and E. coli was isolated at normal pH of 5-6 with all the stones being composed of mainly calcium oxalate. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study offers better understanding and knowledge of the distribution of urolithiasis condition in this area of Bhopal allowing an estimation of its impact on society and also better planning of various preventing programmes. KEYWORDS: Urolithiasis, Urosepsis, Urine PH, Hypercalciuria.