Magnesium sulfate and ketamine as analgesic and anesthetic adjuvants in total intravenous anesthesia in cats

This study assessed the efficacy of magnesium sulfate and ketamine hydrochloride in reducing the demand for propofol, remifentanil, and postoperative rescue analgesia in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg)...

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Published inCiência rural Vol. 55; no. 1
Main Authors Conterno, Gabriela Borges, Silva, Taiza Lemes da, Rocha, Vanessa Arnaud, Serighelli Júnior, Gilberto, Rosa, Luara da, Comassetto, Felipe, Griebeler, Leonardo Bergmann, Oleskovicz, Nilson
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 01.01.2025
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Summary:This study assessed the efficacy of magnesium sulfate and ketamine hydrochloride in reducing the demand for propofol, remifentanil, and postoperative rescue analgesia in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) intramuscularly and induced to unconsciousness with propofol for orotracheal intubation. The continuous infusion (CI) of propofol and remifentanil were started and animals and were randomly allocated into three groups: the magnesium sulfate group (MG) received one bolus (50 mg/kg) and CI (80 mg/kg/h) of magnesium sulfate; the ketamine group (KG) received bolus (0.5 mg/kg) and CI (1.8 mg/kg/h) of ketamine hydrochloride; the control group (CG) received bolus and CI of 0.9% saline solution. Cardiovascular and respiratory functions, extubation time, and rescue postoperative scores were assessed and data were described with a significance level of 95% (P < 0.05). The infusion period of treatments was 21.5 ± 3.4 and 21.0 ± 2.4 minutes in the KG and MG, respectively (P = 0.194). The infusion rates of remifentanil (P = 0.336) and propofol (P = 0.716) were similar between groups. Analysis of the postoperative pain scales revealed no significant intergroup differences in rescue frequency, rescue score, and time to the first rescue analgesia. In conclusion, the proposed protocols were safe and effective, yet it is noteworthy that both magnesium sulfate and ketamine failed to demonstrate significant additional postoperative analgesic or adjuvant anesthetic effects. RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do sulfato de magnésio e cetamina em reduzir o requerimento de propofol, remifentanil e o resgate analgésico pós-operatório de gatas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Trinta gatas foram pré-medicadas com acepromazina (0,05 mg/kg) e morfina (0,3 mg/kg), intramuscular, e induzidas a inconsciência com propofol para intubação orotraqueal. As infusões contínuas (IC) de propofol e remifentanil foram iniciadas e os animais foram aleatoriamente alocados em três grupos: grupo sulfato de magnésio (MG) que recebeu bolus (50 mg/kg) e IC (80 mg/kg) de sulfato de magnésio; grupo cetamina (KG) que recebeu bolus (0,5 mg/kg) e IC (1,8 mg/kg/h) de cetamina; grupo controle (CG) que recebeu bolus e IC de solução salina 0,9%. As funções cardiovasculares e respiratórias, o tempo de extubação e a pontuação de resgate pós-operatório foram registrados e descritos com nível de significância de 95% (P < 0.05). O tempo de infusão dos tratamentos foi de 21,5 ± 3,4 e 21,0 ± 2,4 minutos no KG e MG, respectivamente (P = 0.194). As taxas de infusões de remifentanil (P = 0.336) e propofol (P = 0.716) foram similares entre grupos. Na análise de dor pós-operatória as escalas não demonstraram diferenças entre grupos quanto a número de resgates, pontuação de resgate ou tempo para o primeiro resgate. Em conclusão, os protocolos propostos foram seguros e efetivos. Contudo, o sulfato de magnésio e cetamina não demonstraram analgesia pós-operatória adicional ou efeitos adjuvantes anestésicos significativos.
ISSN:0103-8478
1678-4596
1678-4596
DOI:10.1590/0103-8478cr20230616