Ultra-quantum coherent states in a single finite quantum system

• Published in: Journal of physics. A, Mathematical and theoretical Vol. 56; no. 47; pp. 475203 - 475234
• Main Author: Vourdas, A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: IOP Publishing 24.11.2023
• Subjects: finite quantum systems; Grothendieck bound; ultra-quantum coherent states
• ISSN: 1751-8113; 1751-8121
• DOI: 10.1088/1751-8121/ad0438

Abstract A set of n coherent states is introduced in a quantum system with d -dimensional Hilbert space H ( d ). It is shown that they resolve the identity, and also have a discrete isotropy property. A finite cyclic group acts on the set of these coherent states, and partitions it into orbits. A n -tuple representation of arbitrary states in H ( d ), analogous to the Bargmann representation, is defined. There are two other important properties of these coherent states which make them ‘ultra-quantum’. The first property is related to the Grothendieck formalism which studies the ‘edge’ of the Hilbert space and quantum formalisms. Roughly speaking the Grothendieck theorem considers a ‘classical’ quadratic form C that uses complex numbers in the unit disc, and a ‘quantum’ quadratic form Q that uses vectors in the unit ball of the Hilbert space. It shows that if C ⩽ 1 , the corresponding Q might take values greater than 1, up to the complex Grothendieck constant k G . Q related to these coherent states is shown to take values in the ‘Grothendieck region’ ( 1 , k G ) , which is classically forbidden in the sense that C does not take values in it. The second property complements this, showing that these coherent states violate logical Bell-like inequalities (which for a single quantum system are quantum versions of the Frechet probabilistic inequalities). In this sense also, our coherent states are deep into the quantum region.