Chronic Heart Failure in Patients Hospitalized in 2002 and 2021: Comparative Analysis of Prevalence, Clinical Course and Drug Therapy

• Published in: Kardiologiia Vol. 64; no. 3; p. 3
• Main Authors: Garganeeva, A A, Tukish, O V, Vitt, K N, Mareev, Yu V, Kuzheleva, E A, Ryabov, V V, Kondratiev, M Yu, Syromyatnikova, E E, Dorzhieva, B B, Mareev, V Yu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Russian
• Published: Russia (Federation) 31.03.2024
• Subjects: Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Heart Failure - drug therapy; Heart Failure - epidemiology; Humans; Prevalence; Stroke Volume; Ventricular Function, Left
• ISSN: 0022-9040
• DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.3.n2595

Comparative analysis of the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF), clinical and medical history data, and drug therapy of patients admitted to a cardiology hospital in 2002 and 2021. The study analyzed the medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF who were admitted in 2002 (n=210) and 2021 (n=381) to a specialized cardiology hospital. According to medical records of 2021, the proportion of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF (87.6%) in the cohort of patients admitted to a cardiology hospital was twice as high as in 2002 (46.4%; p<0.001). The majority of patients with CHF in the study sample were patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). The proportion of such patients significantly increased to reach 75.9% in 2021 compared to 58.6% in 2002 (p<0.001). At the same time, the number of severe forms of CHF (NYHA functional class (FC) IV) decreased by 10% and was 13.2% in 2002 and 1.3% in 2021 (p<0.001). In the majority of patients, ischemic heart disease (98.1 and 91.1% in 2002 and 2021, respectively, p<0.001) and hypertension (80.5 and 98.2%, respectively, p<0.001) were diagnosed as the cause for CHF. Furthermore, the incidence of comorbidity increased significantly: atrial fibrillation was detected in 12.3% of patients in 2002 and 26.4% in 2021 (p < 0.001); type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 14.3 and 32% of patients (p <0.001); and obesity, in 33.3 and 43.7% of patients, respectively (p=0.018). The frequency of using the major groups of drugs increased during the analyzed period: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers were administered to 71.9% of patients in 2002 and to 87.7% in 2021 (p<0.001); beta-blockers were administered to 53.3 and 82.4% of patients (p<0.001); and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, to 1.9 and 18.6% of patients, respectively (p=0.004). In 2021, the proportion of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CHF in the patient cohort admitted to a cardiology hospital was twice as high as in 2002; the phenotype with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction predominated in the CHF structure. During the analyzed twenty-year period, the prevalence of comorbidities increased among CHF patients. The prescription frequency of pathogenetic evidence-based therapy has significantly increased by 2021, however, it remains insufficient even in patients with CHF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.