Review of Charging Load Modeling Strategies for Electric Vehicles: a Comparison of Grid-to-Vehicle Probabilistic Approaches

• Published in: Tecnura Vol. 25; no. 70; pp. 108 - 125
• Main Authors: Zuluaga Ríos, Carlos David, Florián Ceballos, Daniel Felipe, Rojo Yepes, Miguel Ángel, Saldarriaga Zuluaga, Sergio Danilo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Portuguese; Spanish
• Published: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas 01.10.2021; Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas
• Subjects: electric vehicle charging demand; ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; monte carlo simulation; probabilistic modeling; electric vehicle charging demand; probabilistic modeling; demanda de carga de vehículos eléctricos; modelado probabilístico; simulación de Monte Carlo; Monte Carlo simulation
• ISSN: 0123-921X; 2248-7638
• DOI: 10.14483/22487638.18657

Objective: In this paper, we review different approaches to how the penetration of electric vehicles (EV) can be modeled in power networks. We also evaluate and compare experimentally the performance of three probabilistic electric vehicle charging load approaches considering four levels of penetration of EV. Methodology:  We carry out a detailed search of the state-of-the-art in charging load modeling strategies for electric vehicles, where the most representative works on this subject were compiled. A probabilistic model based on Monte Carlo Simulation was proposed and two more methods were implemented. These models take into account the departure time of electric vehicles, the arrival time and the plug-in time, which were conceived as random variables.   Results:  Histograms of the demand for charging of electric vehicles were obtained for the three models contemplated. Additionally, a similarity metric was calculated to know the distribution that best fits the data of each model. The above was done considering 20, 200, 2000 and 20,000 electric vehicles on average. The results show that if there are a low penetration of electric vehicles, it is possible to model the EV charging demand using a gamma distribution. Otherwise, it is recommended to use a Gaussian or Lognormal distribution if you have a high VE penetration. Conclusions: A review of the state of the art of the modeling of electric vehicles under a G2V approach was presented, where three groups are identified: the deterministic approaches, methods that deal with uncertainty and variability, and finally data driven methods were also identified. Additionally, we observed that the EVCP model 3 and the gamma distribution can be appropriate for modeling the penetration of EVs in probabilistic load flow analysis or for stochastic planning studies for active distribution networks. Financing: Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo