Metabolic bone disease in the preterm infant: Current state and future directions

Neonatal osteopenia is an important area of interest for neonatologists due to continuing increased survival of preterm infants. It can occur in high-risk infants such as preterm infants, infants on long-term diuretics or corticosteroids, and those with neuromuscular disorders. Complications such as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inWorld journal of methodology Vol. 5; no. 3; pp. 115 - 121
Main Authors Rehman, Moghis Ur, Narchi, Hassib
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 26.09.2015
Subjects
Premature
Alkaline phosphatase
Calcium
Nutrition
Phosphorus
Bone metabolism
Osteopenia
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Summary:Neonatal osteopenia is an important area of interest for neonatologists due to continuing increased survival of preterm infants. It can occur in high-risk infants such as preterm infants, infants on long-term diuretics or corticosteroids, and those with neuromuscular disorders. Complications such as rickets, pathological fractures, impaired respiratory function and poor growth in childhood can develop and may be the first clinical evidence of the condition. It is important for neonatologists managing such high-risk patients to regularly monitor biochemical markers for evidence of abnormal bone turnover and inadequate mineral intake in order to detect the early phases of impaired bone mineralization. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry has become an increasingly used research tool for assessing bone mineral density in children and neonates, but more studies are still needed before it can be used as a useful clinical tool. Prevention and early detection of osteopenia are key to the successful management of this condition and oral phosphate supplements should be started as soon as is feasible.
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Correspondence to: Hassib Narchi, Professor, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates. hassib.narchi@uaeu.ac.ae
Author contributions: Both Ur Rehman M and Narchi H have made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the editorial, drafting the article or making critical revisions related to important intellectual content of the manuscript and final approval of the version of the article to be published.
Telephone: +971-3-7137414 Fax: +971-3-7672022
ISSN:2222-0682
2222-0682
DOI:10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.115