Interaction of genes determining the spike shape of wheat and those located in the 5AL chromosome

• Published in: Russian journal of genetics. Applied research Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 21 - 28
• Main Authors: Simonov, A. V., Pshenichnikova, T. A., Lapochkina, I. F., Watanabe, N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: B1 gene; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; C gene; Chromosomes; Epistasis; Genes; Genetic analysis; Human Genetics; Hybrids; genetic analysis; hybridization; genes for the spike shape; bread wheat; spike speltoidy and compactness
• ISSN: 2079-0597; 2079-0600
• DOI: 10.1134/S2079059717010154

The spike parameters of hexaploid wheats from the genus Triticum L. are determined by the major genes and play an important role in systematics. Having a strong pleiotropic effect, they also have practical importance. In this work, the interaction of the dominant genes Q S and Q with the dominant gene C17648 determining the shape of the spike was investigated. The gene Q is located in the 5AL chromosome and determines the formation of the elongated lax spike in the T. spelta L. species. The homoeoallelic gene Q S introgressed into bread wheat from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. and causing the formation of the speltoid spike is also located in the 5AL chromosome of the 84/98 w line. The C 17648 gene is analogous in the phenotypic manifestation to the C gene determining the formation of a dense short spike on a short culm as in T. compactum Host. It was mapped to the 5AL chromosome in the bread wheat line ANBW-5A and the donor of the gene was a mutant of durum wheat. In the present work, the spike length, spikelet number, index of spike density, and stem length were studied in F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 of three different hybrid populations. It was shown for the first time that the C 17648 gene is epistatic to the dominant genes Q S and Q . It was manifested in the formation of compact spikes in F 1 hybrids and in the numerical predominance of plants with a compact spike in F 2 . At the same time, the gene C 17648 showed a smaller effect on stem length and did not affect the number of spikelets. Using the genetic analysis, it was found that genes Q S and Q are independently inherited from gene C 17648 , although a strong link was observed between the Q S or Q and b1 gene.