Systemic Fungal Infections in Patients with human inmunodeficiency virus

• Published in: Actas dermo-sifiliográficas (English ed.) Vol. 105; no. 1; pp. 5 - 17
• Main Authors: Rodríguez-Cerdeira, C, Arenas, R, Moreno-Coutiño, G, Vásquez, E, Fernández, R, Chang, P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Spain Elsevier España 01.01.2014
• Subjects: Adquired inmunodeficiency syndrome; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - diagnosis; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - microbiology; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Coccidioides - isolation & purification; Coccidioidomicosis; Coccidioidomycosis; Coccidioidomycosis - diagnosis; Coccidioidomycosis - epidemiology; Coccidioidomycosis - microbiology; Coccidioidomycosis - transmission; Criptococosis; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcosis - diagnosis; Cryptococcosis - epidemiology; Cryptococcosis - microbiology; Cryptococcosis - transmission; Cryptococcus gattii - isolation & purification; Cryptococcus neoformans - isolation & purification; Dermatology; Dermatomycoses - diagnosis; Dermatomycoses - etiology; Dermatomycoses - microbiology; Dermatomycoses - pathology; Diagnosis, Differential; Fungemia - diagnosis; Fungemia - etiology; Fungemia - microbiology; Histoplasma - isolation & purification; Histoplasmosis; Histoplasmosis - diagnosis; Histoplasmosis - epidemiology; Histoplasmosis - microbiology; Histoplasmosis - transmission; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Internal Medicine; Lung Diseases, Fungal - diagnosis; Lung Diseases, Fungal - etiology; Lung Diseases, Fungal - microbiology; Mycoses - diagnosis; Mycoses - etiology; Mycoses - microbiology; Sida; Skin Ulcer - etiology; Spain - epidemiology; Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; Spain; Criptococosis; Histoplasmosis; Coccidioidomicosis; Sida; Coccidioidomycosis; Cryptococcosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; Adquired inmunodeficiency syndrome
• ISSN: 1578-2190; 2173-5778; 1578-2190
• DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2012.06.032

Abstract Histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum . In immunocompromised patients, primary pulmonary infection can spread to the skin and meninges. Clinical manifestations appear in patients with a CD4+ lymphocyte count of less than 150 cells/μL. Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii . It can present as diffuse pulmonary disease or as a disseminated form primarily affecting the central nervous system, the bones, and the skin. Cryptococcosis is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans (var. neoformans and var. grubii ) and Cryptococcus gattii , which are members of the Cryptococcus species complex and have 5 serotypes: A, B, C, D, and AD. It is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, even those receiving antiretroviral therapy. Histopathologic examination and culture of samples from any suspicious lesions are essential for the correct diagnosis of systemic fungal infections in patients with HIV/AIDS.