Acute Poisoning with Ethyl Alcohol (Alcoholic Coma)

• Published in: Neotložnaâ Medicinskaâ Pomoŝʹ Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 357 - 365
• Main Authors: Alexandrovsky, V. N., Ostapenko, Y. N., Goldfarb, Y. S., Potskhveriya, M. M., Kareva, M. V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Public Healthcare Institution of Moscow Healthcare Department 30.01.2019
• Subjects: acute poisoning; diagnosis; electroencephalography; ethyl alcohol; treatment
• ISSN: 2223-9022; 2541-8017
• DOI: 10.23934/2223-9022-2018-7-4-357-365

The article summarizes years of the authors experience in the diagnosis and treatment of acute poisonings with ethyl alcohol and presents data on the epidemiology of poisoning with ethyl alcohol, as well as modern terminology and systematization of poisoning with alcohols in accordance with the international classification of diseases ICD 10.We analyzed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ethyl alcohol in its toxic effects.The original clinical classification of alcoholic coma, confirmed by electrophysiological studies of the brain is given in the article. We also determined the involvement of deep structures of the brain in the pathogenesis of acute alcohol poisoning.The emergency therapeutic measures in acute alcohol intoxication and its complications, primarily related to accelerated detoxification of the body by forced diuresis are reported. The importance of effective correction of acid-base blood disorders and prevention of acute renal failure is emphasized.The article might provide a more accurate diagnosis of acute alcohol poisoning, accompanied by the development of alcoholic coma, and to improve the quality of treatment of this disease in the intensive care and toxicology departments.