The role of selective extinction in promoting cooperation in a many demes model
•Diffusion approximation captures evolutionary dynamics.,•Uniform extinction suppresses cooperation in structured populations.,•Targeted extinction can promote cooperation.,•Extinction rate’s impact depends on payoff asymmetry (T−R vs. P−S). This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a...
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| Published in | Journal of theoretical biology Vol. 613; p. 112212 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
07.10.2025
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| Abstract | •Diffusion approximation captures evolutionary dynamics.,•Uniform extinction suppresses cooperation in structured populations.,•Targeted extinction can promote cooperation.,•Extinction rate’s impact depends on payoff asymmetry (T−R vs. P−S).
This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a deme-structured population where individuals interact via the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Reproduction is payoff-dependent, and demes contribute to a global migrant pool proportionally to their fecundity. Deme extinction occurs with a baseline probability plus an additional probability term that is proportional to the fraction of defectors in the deme, modulated by a parameter α. Extinct demes are then repopulated from the migrant pool. A two-timescale analysis, valid in the limit of a large number of demes, reveals that the system’s evolutionary dynamics are well-approximated by a continuous-time diffusion process. Using this diffusion approximation, we show that uniform extinction (α=0) suppresses cooperation. However, extinction targeting defector-dominated demes can significantly promote cooperation, establishing critical thresholds of α that determine when cooperation dominates. The study further explores how varying extinction rates and reproductive dynamics impact cooperation’s persistence and evolutionary success in structured populations. |
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| AbstractList | •Diffusion approximation captures evolutionary dynamics.,•Uniform extinction suppresses cooperation in structured populations.,•Targeted extinction can promote cooperation.,•Extinction rate’s impact depends on payoff asymmetry (T−R vs. P−S).
This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a deme-structured population where individuals interact via the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Reproduction is payoff-dependent, and demes contribute to a global migrant pool proportionally to their fecundity. Deme extinction occurs with a baseline probability plus an additional probability term that is proportional to the fraction of defectors in the deme, modulated by a parameter α. Extinct demes are then repopulated from the migrant pool. A two-timescale analysis, valid in the limit of a large number of demes, reveals that the system’s evolutionary dynamics are well-approximated by a continuous-time diffusion process. Using this diffusion approximation, we show that uniform extinction (α=0) suppresses cooperation. However, extinction targeting defector-dominated demes can significantly promote cooperation, establishing critical thresholds of α that determine when cooperation dominates. The study further explores how varying extinction rates and reproductive dynamics impact cooperation’s persistence and evolutionary success in structured populations. This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a deme-structured population where individuals interact via the Prisoner's Dilemma. Reproduction is payoff-dependent, and demes contribute to a global migrant pool proportionally to their fecundity. Deme extinction occurs with a baseline probability plus an additional probability term that is proportional to the fraction of defectors in the deme, modulated by a parameter α. Extinct demes are then repopulated from the migrant pool. A two-timescale analysis, valid in the limit of a large number of demes, reveals that the system's evolutionary dynamics are well-approximated by a continuous-time diffusion process. Using this diffusion approximation, we show that uniform extinction (α=0) suppresses cooperation. However, extinction targeting defector-dominated demes can significantly promote cooperation, establishing critical thresholds of α that determine when cooperation dominates. The study further explores how varying extinction rates and reproductive dynamics impact cooperation's persistence and evolutionary success in structured populations.This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a deme-structured population where individuals interact via the Prisoner's Dilemma. Reproduction is payoff-dependent, and demes contribute to a global migrant pool proportionally to their fecundity. Deme extinction occurs with a baseline probability plus an additional probability term that is proportional to the fraction of defectors in the deme, modulated by a parameter α. Extinct demes are then repopulated from the migrant pool. A two-timescale analysis, valid in the limit of a large number of demes, reveals that the system's evolutionary dynamics are well-approximated by a continuous-time diffusion process. Using this diffusion approximation, we show that uniform extinction (α=0) suppresses cooperation. However, extinction targeting defector-dominated demes can significantly promote cooperation, establishing critical thresholds of α that determine when cooperation dominates. The study further explores how varying extinction rates and reproductive dynamics impact cooperation's persistence and evolutionary success in structured populations. This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a deme-structured population where individuals interact via the Prisoner's Dilemma. Reproduction is payoff-dependent, and demes contribute to a global migrant pool proportionally to their fecundity. Deme extinction occurs with a baseline probability plus an additional probability term that is proportional to the fraction of defectors in the deme, modulated by a parameter α. Extinct demes are then repopulated from the migrant pool. A two-timescale analysis, valid in the limit of a large number of demes, reveals that the system's evolutionary dynamics are well-approximated by a continuous-time diffusion process. Using this diffusion approximation, we show that uniform extinction (α=0) suppresses cooperation. However, extinction targeting defector-dominated demes can significantly promote cooperation, establishing critical thresholds of α that determine when cooperation dominates. The study further explores how varying extinction rates and reproductive dynamics impact cooperation's persistence and evolutionary success in structured populations. |
| ArticleNumber | 112212 |
| Author | Kroumi, Dhaker |
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| Keywords | Diffusion approximation Secondary 60J70 Prisoner’s dilemma Island model Primary 91A25 Identity by descent Extinction-recolonization Mathematics Subject Classification Fixation probability |
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| Snippet | •Diffusion approximation captures evolutionary dynamics.,•Uniform extinction suppresses cooperation in structured populations.,•Targeted extinction can promote... This study investigates the evolution of cooperation in a deme-structured population where individuals interact via the Prisoner's Dilemma. Reproduction is... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Biological Evolution Cooperative Behavior Diffusion approximation Extinction, Biological Extinction-recolonization Mathematics Subject Classification Fixation probability Humans Identity by descent Island model Models, Biological Population Dynamics Primary 91A25 Prisoner Dilemma Prisoner’s dilemma Reproduction Secondary 60J70 |
| Title | The role of selective extinction in promoting cooperation in a many demes model |
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