Case-control study on challenges in loss of follow-up care and the limitations in the reach of HIV policies for women

• Published in: International journal of STD & AIDS Vol. 35; no. 11; p. 894
• Main Authors: Tizianel Aguilar, Gabriela, Lamperti Thomazi, Guilherme, Acosta, Lisiane, Fernandes da Rocha, Andrei, Rodrigues Ikeda, Maria Leticia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.10.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Brazil - epidemiology; Case-Control Studies; Female; Health Policy; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - prevention & control; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Medication Adherence - statistics & numerical data; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Brazil; HIV/AIDS; Brazil; gender health disparities; case-control; loss to follow-up
• ISSN: 1758-1052
• DOI: 10.1177/09564624241263614

HIV has transitioned from a devastating 1980s epidemic to a manageable chronic condition with antiretroviral therapy. In Brazil, challenges persist, including high detection rates and loss of medical follow-up among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). Adherence, engagement, and avoiding loss to follow-up are critical for effective HIV/AIDS prevention and care. This case-control study within longitudinal research on PLHIV linkage and retention in Porto Alegre aims to analyze factors associated with treatment abandonment. The study, based on patients from the Therapeutic Care Service for HIV and AIDS at Sanatorio Partenon Hospital, involved 360 PLHIV in a retention and linkage outpatient clinic. Risk factors for loss to follow-up include cisgender women, diagnosis between 1991 and 2005, and non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Conversely, cisgender men, diagnosis between 2015 and 2023, and good ART adherence were protective factors. Gender disparities and ART non-adherence pose significant challenges in comprehensive PLHIV care. Cisgender women diagnosed before 2005 face higher risk, while cisgender men diagnosed after 2015 with good ART adherence are more protected, influencing care and prevention strategies for PLHIV.