Relation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 markers in COVID-19 patients in Kirkuk province

• Published in: Human antibodies Vol. 32; no. 4; pp. 213 - 220
• Main Authors: Albarzanji, Zubaida Najat Mustafa, Wahid, Nuha Mumin, Shaker, Najlaa Bakir, Al-Bayati, Zaid Mohammed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 2024; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Adhesion; Adult; Aged; Alveoli; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antibodies, Viral - immunology; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Case-Control Studies; Cell adhesion; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell adhesion molecules; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - blood; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - immunology; COVID-19 - virology; Damage detection; Endothelial cells; Endothelium; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulin M - blood; Immunoglobulin M - immunology; Immunoglobulins; Immunology; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood; Male; Middle Aged; Patients; Polymerase chain reaction; Public health; Risk factors; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 - blood; Viral diseases; COVID-19; RS-CoV-2; IgM/IgG antibody; VCAM-1; ICAM-1
• ISSN: 1093-2607; 1875-869X
• DOI: 10.3233/HAB-240027

BACKGROUND: The advent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented a substantial and urgent global public health issue. Biomarkers have the potential to be utilized for the identification of endothelium and/or alveolar epithelial damage in instances of COVID-19 infection. AIM OF THE STUDY: to evaluate the levels of Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) biomarkers in hospitalized patients who tested positive for COVID-19 infection using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with the virus specific Immunoglobulins; IgM, and IgG testing. This can help with improved clinical management and treatment programs. METHODS: A case-control study that involved 90 hospitalized patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and 40 apparently healthy control patients, subjects in both groups underwent nasopharyngeal swabs for PCR and blood sample collection for evaluation of serum; IgM, IgG, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels. RESULTS: Males made up the vast majority of the patients (78.9%), with only a minor percentage of females (21.1%) P value 0.1641. Furthermore, every patient in this study had a minimum of one risk factor for COVID-19. The investigator’s results show that COVID-19 patients had higher amounts of endothelial cell adhesion indicators (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) with mean values of 126.27 ± 89.51 ng/mL and 109.74 ± 96.57 ng/mL respectively. While, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, were present at normal levels in the control group with difference P value 0.0028 and 0.0032 in comparison to the patient’s group respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The adhesive markers ICAM and VCAM play a crucial role in the development of COVID-19 and the strong endothelial activation and dysfunction linked to both acute and persistent immunological responses is shown by the substantial correlation found in COVID-19 patients between the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies and higher levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.