Increased neutrophil counts are associated with poor overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a five-year retrospective analysis

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 15; p. 1415804
• Main Authors: Garcia-Flores, Libia Alejandra, Dawid De Vera, María Teresa, Pilo, Jesus, Rego, Alejandro, Gomez-Casado, Gema, Arranz-Salas, Isabel, Hierro Martín, Isabel, Alcaide, Julia, Torres, Esperanza, Ortega-Gomez, Almudena, Boughanem, Hatim, Macias-Gonzalez, Manuel Macias
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 23.09.2024
• Subjects: Aged; colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology; Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality; Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology; Female; Humans; Immunology; inflammation; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; neutrophils; Neutrophils - immunology; overall survival; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; overall survival; colorectal cancer; inflammation; neutrophils; prognosis
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415804

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major health concern in today's world. Despite conflictive findings, evidence supports systemic inflammation's impact on CRC patients' survival rates. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prognostic role of the innate immune system in patients with CRC. A total of 449 patients were included, with a 5-year follow-up period, and absolute neutrophil counts and their related ratios were measured. The non-survival group had increased levels of white blood cells, neutrophils (both <0.001), and monocytes (p=0.038), compared to the survival group, along with other neutrophil-related ratios. We observed increased mortality risk in patients in the highest tertile of white blood cells [HR=1.85 (1.09-3.13), p<0.05], neutrophils [HR=1.78 (95% CI: 1.07-2.96), p<0.05], and monocytes [HR=2.11 (95% CI: 1.22-3.63)], compared to the lowest tertile, after adjusting for all clinicopathological variables. Random forest analysis identified neutrophils as the most crucial variable in predicting survival rates, having an AUC of 0.712, considering all clinicopathological variables. A positive relationship between neutrophil counts and metastasis was observed when neutrophil counts are considered continuous (β=0.92 (0.41), p<0.05) and tumor size (width) when neutrophils were considered as logistic variable (T1 vs T3) [OR=1.42, (95% CI: 1.05-1.98), p<0.05]. This study offers comprehensive insights into the immune factors that impact the prognosis of CRC, emphasizing the need for personalized prognostic tools.