Malaria Transmission Under an Unusual Circumstance Causing Death in Two Siblings

Two school-going siblings from a family residing in a presumed malaria non-endemic locality ∼90 km from Mangalore city in southwestern India contracted Plasmodium falciparum infection. In both cases, misunderstanding of initial clinical symptoms as due to viral hepatitis resulted in progression to s...

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Published inThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. 155 - 157
Main Authors Dayanand, Kiran K, Punnath, Kishore, Chandrashekar, Valleesha N, Kakkilaya, Srinivas B, Ghosh, Susanta K, Tiwari, Sathyanarayan N, Achur, Rajeshwara N, Kadambi, Sudarshan S, Gowda, D Channe
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 06.07.2016
SeriesCase Report
Subjects
Child
Diagnostic Errors
Fatal Outcome
Female
Hepatitis - diagnosis
Humans
India
Malaria, Cerebral - diagnosis
Malaria, Cerebral - transmission
Malaria, Falciparum - diagnosis
Malaria, Falciparum - transmission
Male
Plasmodium falciparum
Siblings
Socioeconomic Factors
Tertiary Care Centers
India, Karnataka, Dakshina Kannada Dist., Mangalore
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Summary:Two school-going siblings from a family residing in a presumed malaria non-endemic locality ∼90 km from Mangalore city in southwestern India contracted Plasmodium falciparum infection. In both cases, misunderstanding of initial clinical symptoms as due to viral hepatitis resulted in progression to severe malaria before malaria treatment was initiated. Despite treatment at a tertiary hospital, the children died of cerebral malaria and multi-organ dysfunction. Active case detection in the affected locality suggested that the infection was transmitted from infected individuals who worked in nearby malaria-endemic areas and periodically visited their families. A lesson from this study is that lethal falciparum malaria can be transmitted in regions of India, believed to be non-endemic for the disease, resulting in fatal outcomes if diagnosis is missed or delayed. Implementation of effective surveillance and control measures as well as preparedness for malaria detection and diagnosis are necessary in areas that are potentially disposed to malaria transmission even though they are presumed to be non-endemic.
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ISSN:0002-9637
1476-1645
DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0082