Effect of Calcium Carbide Residue on Shrinkage Mechanism of Clayey Subgrade Soil

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) has been identified as an effective replacement for traditional lime for the stabilization of expansive soils. The shrinkage of expansive clay severely threatens the foundation layers' long-term stability. The efficacy of CCR stabilization in reducing compressibili...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCommunications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Vol. 55; no. 21; pp. 3221 - 3235
Main Authors Sharanya, A. G., Mogili, Sudhakar, Heeralal, M., Thyagaraj, T.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia Taylor & Francis 29.11.2024
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
Calcium
Calcium carbide residue
Carbides
Clay
Clay soils
Compressibility
Decalcification
Digital imaging
Effectiveness
Embankments
Evaporation
Expansive clays
Expansive soils
Image analysis
Image processing
Lime soil stabilization
Mercury
Residues
shrinkage curve
shrinkage strain
Slurries
Soil
Soil compressibility
Soil layers
Soil lime
Soil shrinkage
Soil stabilization
Strain analysis
Subgrades
Unpaved roads
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Summary:Calcium carbide residue (CCR) has been identified as an effective replacement for traditional lime for the stabilization of expansive soils. The shrinkage of expansive clay severely threatens the foundation layers' long-term stability. The efficacy of CCR stabilization in reducing compressibility and enhancing the strength and stiffness of clay has been widely reported; however, the calcium-based additive stabilized soil tends to lose its engineered integrity under field-exposed seasonal moisture variation, specifically, shrinkage induced by prolonged drying. In this study, the shrinkage characteristic of CCR-treated clay (6%, 9%, and 12%) slurry was investigated by digital image analysis and mercury displacement method to quantify volumetric shrinkage strain. The results were compared with those of 4% and 6% lime-treated clay, which revealed the higher efficacy of CCR in reducing shrinkage strain by 47-57%. A characteristic shrinkage curve that depicted the significant variation of shrinkage phases in CCR-treated clay samples is developed. The dominance of the proportional shrinkage phase is observed in both untreated and treated clay samples. The shrinkage caused by evaporation, hydration, and decalcification is postulated in treated clays. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of shrinkage mechanisms of CCR-treated clay and assist in the future design of stabilized embankment sections or subgrade for unpaved roads.
ISSN:0010-3624
1532-2416
1532-4133
DOI:10.1080/00103624.2024.2387141