A Mysterious Rash Following Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Not So Sweet Ending

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 9; p. e69048
• Main Authors: Daoud, Ahmad, Rajani, Ronak, Androshchuk, Vitaliy, Montarello, Natalie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 10.09.2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Arthritis; Biopsy; Blood; Bone marrow; Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery; Cardiology; Connective tissue; Dermatology; Erythema; Fever; Hepatitis; Infections; Inflammation; Inflammatory diseases; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Mutation; Rheumatology; Skin diseases; Steroids; atypical rash; infective endocarditis; surgical replacement of valve; sweet's sydrome; myelodysplastic syndromes
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69048

A male in his 70s, with a recent history of aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM), developed a fever, raised inflammatory markers, and a disseminated rash. Despite being attributed a diagnosis of an unspecified connective tissue disorder and erythema nodosum at his local hospital, his symptoms continued to deteriorate. A subsequent urgent admission was arranged to his original cardiothoracic centre for the exclusion of infective endocarditis (IE). Although this was subsequently ruled out by echocardiography and microbiological evaluation, a diagnosis of Sweet syndrome (SS) was made following a punch biopsy of a skin lesion. This was later attributed to myelodysplastic syndrome following a bone marrow biopsy. In this report, we firstly describe our diagnostic algorithm for reaching this diagnosis and the characteristic skin lesions associated with this condition. We furthermore review the history of SS, its known associations, and treatment options.