Structural Characterization, Encapsulation, and Controlled Release of Camel Milk–Derived Lactoferrin in a Chewing Gum Matrix for Oral Health Applications

• Published in: Journal of food processing and preservation Vol. 2025; no. 1
• Main Authors: Akhavan-Mahdavi, Sahar, Nikkhou, Shima, Bagheri, Hadiseh, Alam, Zahra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley & Sons, Inc 17.08.2025
• Subjects: Chewing gum; Dextrins; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Lactoferrins; Oral health; Technology application
• ISSN: 0145-8892; 1745-4549
• DOI: 10.1155/jfpp/1616384

This study investigates the structural characterization, encapsulation, and controlled release of camel milk–derived lactoferrin in a chewing gum matrix for oral health applications. Lactoferrin was purified from camel milk with > 95% purity (80 kDa) using ion exchange chromatography and SDS‐PAGE, and its structure was confirmed via FTIR (Amide I at 1645 cm −1 and Amide II at 1541 cm −1 ), CD ( α ‐helical content), and DSC ( T m = 80 ° C). Encapsulation in maltodextrin and gum Arabic via spray‐drying achieved 85% efficiency, preserving lactoferrin’s amorphous morphology (XRD, ~20° 2 θ ) and uniform 5–10‐ μ m microparticles (SEM). In vitro release studies in artificial saliva demonstrated a sustained 80% release over 180 min (Fickian diffusion, n = 0.45), supporting prolonged oral delivery. Lactoferrin exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 100 μ g/mL, MBC = 200 μ g/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC = 50 μ g/mL, 60% biofilm reduction), alongside significant antioxidant activity (reducing power = 0.65, 75% DPPH scavenging). Rheological analysis ensured a stable, elastic matrix ( G ′ = 150 ± 10 kPa), while sensory evaluation indicated high acceptance (7.5–7.9/9 for 2%–3% lactoferrin), with taste differences not significantly affecting preference compared to the control. These results confirm the chewing gum’s bioactive potential for oral health, thus highlighting its role as a delivery system to combat oral infections and oxidative stress, with future commercial prospects subject to regulatory approval. Further studies are needed to assess in vivo efficacy and long‐term stability.