CMOS-based biomolecular sensor system-on-chip
IntroductionBiomolecular detection is crucial from various perspectives, such as quality control of our food and water, identification of biological terrorist agents, and diagnosis of diseases. Early detection of disease is important for effective treatment and for prognostic assessment of disease p...
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Published in | Handbook of Bioelectronics pp. 489 - 506 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Book Chapter |
Language | English |
Published |
Cambridge University Press
28.02.2015
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | IntroductionBiomolecular detection is crucial from various perspectives, such as quality
control of our food and water, identification of biological terrorist
agents, and diagnosis of diseases. Early detection of disease is important
for effective treatment and for prognostic assessment of disease
progression; in addition, the trend of ageing societies leads to an
increasing requirement for biomarker diagnoses for personalized healthcare
monitoring. This results in more stress on the social healthcare system [1,
2]. As a consequence, researchers have focused on developing biomolecular
detection devices and systems. Over the past decade, emerging methods to
address the above needs have bloomed because of developments in
micro/nanotechnologies. To enhance throughputs and reduce costs,
moreover, these detection devices and systems are evolving from label-based
to label-free technologies.Traditionally, label-based molecular diagnosis techniques have been used as a
useful fundamental concept for the detection of potential disease biomarkers
or pathogen nucleic acids. In general, the detection signal comes from the
usage of a specific tag for a target molecule. The tags can be conventional
fluorescent dyes or radioisotopes. To fulfill the requirements of different
applications, a number of conventional label-based techniques, such as
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA or protein microarrays, and
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have been developed and
implemented. Some of them have been used to form a versatile platform for
many diverse applications with promising results and represent the gold
standards of biomedical diagnosis [3–5]. However, these techniques
require trained staff and expensive equipment, and are time-consuming.
Moreover, the detection of such low-abundance biomarkers in biological
fluids (e.g. blood, urine, saliva) requires large quantities of the sample
and complicated sample preparation. Consequently, these label-based
techniques encounter problems of cost-effectiveness and throughput under
modern circumstances. |
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ISBN: | 1107040833 9781107040830 |
DOI: | 10.1017/CBO9781139629539.046 |