Estimation of Energy Demand and Emissions from the Tricycle Sector in Quezon City, Philippines

• Published in: Transportation research procedia (Online) Vol. 82; pp. 2444 - 2459
• Main Authors: Salison, Arse John P., Taguiam, Jebus Edrei C., Gaspay, Sandy Mae A., Villar, John Justine S., Javier, Sheila Flor D., Ballarta, Jerome N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 2025
• Subjects: bottom-up approach; emission; energy demand; transport policy scenario; tricycle; energy demand; emission; transport policy scenario; tricycle; bottom-up approach
• ISSN: 2352-1465; 2352-1465
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2024.12.197

The study aims to estimate the energy demand and emissions from the tricycle sector in Quezon City using a bottom-up approach derived from the Tier 2 methodology prescribed in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the EMEP/EEA Guidebook. In 2020, the whole tricycle fleet of the city accounted for 417,530,510.96 vkm of transportation activity with an estimated 11.36 ktoe of energy demand, or about 14.5 million liters of gasoline. Tricycle emissions considered in this study are Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compound (NMVOC), and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) which produced a total of 37,154.19 tons of CO2e. Policy scenarios until 2050 were simulated which include the Business-as-Usual (BUA) scenario, shift from two-stroke to four-stroke engines for tricycles, and refleeting of existing tricycles to electric tricycles. It was found that 848 e-trike units must be deployed each year to reach the goal of 30% emissions reduction by 2030 and 1,626 e-trikes yearly thereafter to reach zero emissions by 2050.