Cryopreserved versus non-cryopreserved stem cell autografts in multiple myeloma a restrospective cohort study

• Published in: Bone marrow transplantation (Basingstoke) Vol. 57; no. 8; pp. 1313 - 1318
• Main Authors: Pessoa, Juliana Matos, da Rosa, Eurides Leite, Américo, André Dias, Motta, Camila Lucena, de Oliveira, Cleyton Zanardo, Concilio, Rosana Rocha, Amigo Filho, Jose Ulysses, Marret, Ana Cynira Franco, Lazar, Arlette Edna, De Gusmão, Breno Moreno, Scheinberg, Phillip, Kerbauy, Fábio Rodrigues
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.08.2022
• Subjects: Autografts; Bone marrow; Cell viability; Cohort analysis; Conditioning; Cryopreservation; Drug dosages; Grafting; Hematopoietic stem cells; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Melphalan; Multiple myeloma; Patients; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Transplantation; Transplants; Transplants & implants
• ISSN: 0268-3369; 1476-5365
• DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01718-2

The use of non-cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be an alternative to the traditional cryopreserved infusions of HSCs in autologous stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). After high-dose melphalan conditioning (HDM), we sought to compare time to engraftment, overall survival, and safety in multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergoing a first aHSCT after high-dose melphalan conditioning (HDM). We conducted a cohort study from March 2018 to December 2019. Of all autologous transplants performed during this period, 105 were for MM as the first consolidation. Fifty-one patients received a cryopreserved graft; the remaining 54 patients received a fresh infusion. General clinical characteristics were similar between these two groups. Cell viability was higher in non-cryopreserved grafts (95% vs. 86% p < 0.01). Four deaths occurred during hospitalization in the cryopreserved group, one in the non-cryopreserved group. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment on D + 25 was higher in the non-cryopreserved compared to the cryopreserved group (98% vs 90% p < 0.01 and 96.2% vs 72.54% p < 0.01 respectively). Additionally, the hospital length of stay was reduced by 4 days for patients for the non-cryopreserved cohort. In summary, the use of non-cryopreserved HSCs after HDM is safe and effective compared to patients who received a cryopreserved graft.