Green method by National Environmental Methods Index and Eco‐Scale Assessment for evaluation of gatifloxacin‐based product by HPLC

• Published in: Biomedical chromatography Vol. 38; no. 8; pp. e5928 - n/a
• Main Authors: Santos Galvão, Natália Sabina, Oliveira, Naiara Raica Lopes, Oliveira Neto, Jerônimo Raimundo, Kogawa, Ana Carolina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.08.2024
• Subjects: Eco‐Scale Assessment; eye drops; gatifloxacin; green analytical chemistry; HPLC; National Environmental Methods Index; eye drops; gatifloxacin; National Environmental Methods Index; green analytical chemistry; HPLC; Eco‐Scale Assessment
• ISSN: 0269-3879; 1099-0801; 1099-0801
• DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5928

The literature reveals gaps in the availability of green analytical methods for assessing products containing gatifloxacin (GFX), a fluoroquinolone. Presently, method development is supported by tools such as the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) and Eco‐Scale Assessment (ESA), which offer objective insights into the environmental friendliness of analytical procedures. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a green method by the NEMI and ESA to quantify GFX in eye drops using HPLC. The method utilized a C8 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase of purified water containing 2% acetic acid and ethanol (70:30, v/v). The injection volume was 10 μL and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min in isocratic mode at 25°C, with detection performed at 292 nm. The method demonstrated linearity in the range of 2–20 μg/mL, and precision at intra‐day (relative standard deviation [RSD] 1.44%), inter‐day (RSD 3.45%), and inter‐analyst (RSD 2.04%) levels. It was selective regarding the adjuvants of the final product (eye drops) and under forced degradation conditions. The method was accurate (recovery 101.07%) and robust. The retention time for GFX was approximately 3.5 min. The greenness of the method, as evaluated by the NEMI, showed four green quadrants, and by ESA, it achieved a score of 88.