Recoverable strain studies of gadolinium-doped multiferroic BiFeO3 by ultrasonic velocity measurements

• Published in: Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing Vol. 129; no. 1
• Main Authors: Sagar, Elle, Reddy, Paduru Venugopal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Applied physics; Bismuth; Bismuth ferrite; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Condensed Matter Physics; Gadolinium; Machines; Manufacturing; Materials science; Modulus of elasticity; Multiferroic materials; Nanotechnology; Optical and Electronic Materials; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Processes; Recoverable strain; Shape memory; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films; Pulse transmission technique; Elastic behavior; Leaching; Recoverable strain; Multiferroic materials
• ISSN: 0947-8396; 1432-0630
• DOI: 10.1007/s00339-022-06331-0

Single-phase multiferroic bismuth ferrite samples doped with gadolinium with compositional formulae Bi 1–x Gd x FeO 3 ( x  = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, & 0.20) have been prepared by the modified solid-state reaction technique. The well-known pulse transmission method was used to measure ultrasonic velocities at four different frequencies. The elastic moduli were calculated using the velocity values at four different frequencies. The elastic moduli were also corrected to their zero porosity using Hasselman and Fulrath model. The observed variation of elastic moduli with varying concentration of Gd and at different frequencies has been explained. Finally, as these materials are having the shape memory applications, their recoverable strain values were also calculated and the results are compared with those available in the literature.