Transient Flow in Porous Electrosprays

• Published in: Transport in porous media Vol. 151; no. 12; pp. 2277 - 2299
• Main Authors: Wright, Peter L., Wirz, Richard E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.09.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Civil Engineering; Classical and Continuum Physics; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Electric fields; Electrons; Electrospraying; Emission; Emitters; Exposure; Geometry; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Hydrogeology; Hydrology/Water Resources; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Propulsion systems; Reservoir storage; Reynolds number; Settling; Topology; Transient response; Unsteady flow; Porous media; Capillary action; Space propulsion; Electrospray
• ISSN: 0169-3913; 1573-1634
• DOI: 10.1007/s11242-024-02113-9

Porous ionic electrospray emitters have received significant interest for space propulsion due to their performance and operational simplicity. We have developed a diffusion equation for describing the transient flow response in a porous electrospray emitter, which allows for the prediction of the settling time for flow in the porous emitter. This equation accounts for both the change in liquid storage at exposed pores on the emitter with pressure and viscous diffusion through Darcy’s law. Transient flow solutions are provided for the most common emitter topologies: pillar, cone, and wedge. Transient flow solutions describe the settling time and magnitude of current overshoot from porous electrosprays, while providing useful guidelines for reducing transient response time through emitter design. Comparing diffusion of pressure to the onset delay model for electrospray emission shows that diffusion is most relevant at higher voltages and when a porous reservoir is used. Accounting for multiple emission sites on the wedge geometry shows that emission sites settle in proportion to emission site spacing to the power − 1.74. Article Highlights The transient response of porous electrosprays is affected by fluid storage in exposed pores. Pressure diffuses into a porous electrospray through depletion of fluid in exposed pores. Diffusion of pressure complements the existing onset delay model for porous electrosprays.