Research on the Erosion Law and Protective Measures of L360N Steel for Surface Pipelines Used in Shale Gas Extraction

• Published in: Materials Vol. 17; no. 17; p. 4278
• Main Authors: Huo, Shaoquan, Peng, Lincai, Li, Yunpeng, Xu, Yong, Huang, Hongbing, Yuan, Xi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 29.08.2024
• Subjects: Bends; Ceramic coatings; Ceramics; Corrosion resistance; erosion; Erosion mechanisms; Erosion rates; Erosion resistance; Experiments; Failure rates; Flow resistance; Flow velocity; Gas flow; Gas pipelines; Hydraulic fracturing; Impact velocity; L360N; Materials selection; Microcracks; Morphology; Particle impact; Particle size; Perforation; Plowing; Sand & gravel; Shale gas; Steel tubes; surface pipeline; surface protection; Two phase flow; Sichuan Basin; Beijing China; China
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma17174278

The erosion of surface pipelines induced by proppant flowback during shale gas production is significant. The surface pipelines in a shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin experienced perforation failures after only five months of service. To investigate the erosion features of L360N, coatings, and ceramics and optimize the selection of two protective materials, a gas–solid two-phase flow jet erosion experimental device was used to explore the erosion resistance of L360N, coatings, and ceramics under different impact velocities (15 m/s, 20 m/s, and 30 m/s). An energy dispersive spectroscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a laser confocal microscope were employed to analyze erosion morphologies. With the increase in flow velocity, the erosion depth and erosion rate of L360N, coating, and ceramic increased and peaked under an impact velocity of 30 m/s. The maximum erosion rate and maximum erosion depth of L360N were, respectively, 0.0350 mg/g and 37.5365 µm. Its primary material removal mechanism was the plowing of solid particles, and microcracks were distributed on the material surface under high flow velocities. The maximum erosion rate and maximum erosion depth of the coating were, respectively, 0.0217 mg/g and 18.9964 µm. The detachment of matrix caused by plowing is the main material removal mechanism. The maximum erosion rate and maximum erosion depth of ceramics were, respectively, 0.0108 mg/g and 12.4856 µm. The erosion mechanisms were micro-cutting and plowing. Under different particle impact velocities, different erosion morphologies were observed, but the primary erosion mechanism was the same. The erosion resistance of the ceramics was higher than that of the coatings. Therefore, ceramic lining materials could be used to protect the easily eroded parts, such as pipeline bends and tees, and reduce the failure rate by more than 93%. The study provided the data and theoretical basis for the theoretical study on oil and gas pipeline erosion and pipeline material selection.