Optimum fly ash for mechanical stabilization of expansive soils using 22 factorial experimental design

• Published in: Natural hazards (Dordrecht) Vol. 60; no. 2; pp. 703 - 713
• Main Authors: Mallikarjuna Rao, K., Rama Subbarao, G. V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 2012; Springer
• Subjects: Civil Engineering; Disasters; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental conditions; Environmental Management; Exact sciences and technology; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Highways; Hydrogeology; Natural Hazards; Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc; Original Paper; Soil erosion; Soil stabilization; Coarse fraction; Liquid limit; Optimum fly ash; Expansive soil; Factorial experimental design; experimental studies; models; stabilization; embankments; fly ash; roads; swelling; swells; pressure; compressive strength; regression; compaction; soils; strategy
• ISSN: 0921-030X; 1573-0840
• DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-0040-1

Numerous studies demonstrated the possibility of utilizing fly ash in the construction of embankments, road subgrades and stabilization of a wide range of soils. The present investigation aims at determining the optimum fly ash (OFA) for mechanical stabilization of expansive soils. Four different soils were tested for compaction characteristics and unconfined compressive strength with and without the addition of fly ash to determine the OFA. The liquid limit (LL) and the fraction coarser than 425 μ (CF) of these soils range from 50 to 120 and 25 to 70%, respectively. An experimental strategy called two-factor factorial design was adopted in the conducting experiments. LL and CF present in the soil are the two factors considered to influence the OFA content. Factorial experimentation enables relative quantification of the effect of each factor as well as their interaction with the OFA. The OFA was found to range from 5 to 40% depending upon the two factors. The LL and the CF were found to have dominating influence on OFA content in that order, whereas the interaction effect of these two factors was marginal to fair. A statistical regression model was developed for determination of the OFA in terms of the influencing factors. The validity of the model developed was verified by conducting laboratory tests on two more soils that were not used in the development of the model. Swell potential and swelling pressure of expansive soils were reduced to non-critical levels when treated with OFA.