NITRIC OXIDE: FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION WITH PHYTOHORMONES AND APPLICATIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION

• Published in: Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo Vol. 70; no. 1; pp. 379 - 411
• Main Authors: Kolupaev, Yuriy E, Shkliarevskyi, Maksym A, Pyshchalenko, Maryna A, Dmitriev, Alexander P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Titograd University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty 31.03.2024
• Subjects: Aldehyde oxidase; Aldehydes; Biology; Cell membranes; Cell walls; Chemical reactions; Chloroplasts; Crop production; Drought; Enzymes; Flowering; Flowers & plants; Germination; Heavy metals; High temperature; Lipophilic; Low temperature; Melatonin; Membranes; Metals; Molybdopterin; Nitrate reductase; Nitrates; Nitric oxide; Oxidase; Oxidation; Oxidoreductases; Phytohormones; Plant growth substances; Plant resistance; Plants (botany); Pollen; Proteins; Reductases; Salinity; Seed germination; Seeds; Senescence; Signal transduction; Sulfite; Sulfite oxidase; Symbiosis; Xanthine oxidoreductase
• ISSN: 0554-5579; 1800-9492
• DOI: 10.17707/AgricultForest.70.1.24

NO is a lipophilic radical molecule with an unpaired 7i-orbital electron, capable of easily penetrating cell membranes and rapidly interacting with its molecular targets (Mur et al.. Because of its ability to enter into direct chemical reactions with specific groups of proteins, as well as functional interactions with other signaling mediators and phytohormones, nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of multiple functions of the plant organism: seed germination, cell wall lignification, flowering, pollen formation, fruit maturation and senescence, as well as different types of symbiosis and responses to biotic and abiotic stressors (Dmitriev, 2004; Türkan, 2017; Sami et al.. The active enzymatic homodimeric complex requires the presence of molybdopterin, heme, and FAD as cofactors (Astier et al.. Besides its primary activity, nitrate reductase exhibits nitrite: NO reductase activity (Mur et al.. In addition to nitric oxide formation involving nitrate reductase, several minor pathways are also considered (Figure 1), which may be related to the activity of other molybdcnum-containing enzymes, in particular xanthine oxidoreductase (EC: 1.17.3.2), aldehyde oxidase (EC: 1.2.3.1), and sulfite oxidase (EC: 1.8.3.1). NITRIC OXIDE DONORS USED IN EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY AND CROP PRODUCTION PRACTICES Nitric oxide synthesis in plants increases in response to stress factors of various nature, in particular, high and low temperatures, drought, salinity, and heavy metals.