Construction of a metal-free photocatalyst via encapsulation of 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazole-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene in a carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogel for photocatalytic lactic acid production
The efficient application of solar energy to realize photocatalytic biomass conversion to value-added chemicals is of significance. Herein, we propose a novel metal-free photocatalyst (4CzIPN@CMC-HG), which was prepared by encapsulating 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazole-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) in...
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Published in | Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. 736 - 745 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Cambridge
Royal Society of Chemistry
23.01.2023
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | The efficient application of solar energy to realize photocatalytic biomass conversion to value-added chemicals is of significance. Herein, we propose a novel metal-free photocatalyst (4CzIPN@CMC-HG), which was prepared by encapsulating 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazole-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) in a carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogel (CMC-HG) using a one-step thermal polymerization strategy. 4CzIPN@CMC-HG has an efficient photon-to-electron conversion rate, excellent visible light absorption, fast photogenerated carrier migration/separation, and high photocatalytic activity, with 90.7% yield of lactic acid (LA) and 100.0% conversion of xylose due to the synergistic effects between 4CzIPN and CMC-HG. 4CzIPN@CMC-HG showed remarkable universality and excellent stability, and the 1000-times amplification system indicated that this system has a potential industrial application in LA production. Furthermore, trapping experiments indicated that ˙OH, h
+
,
1
O
2
, and ˙O
2
−
contributed to LA synthesis, with ˙O
2
−
taking a leading role. These results showed the promising application prospects of metal-free photocatalysts in the photocatalytic biomass conversion to value-added chemicals. |
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ISSN: | 1463-9262 1463-9270 |
DOI: | 10.1039/D2GC04336J |