Ca(V)1.2 calcium channel dysfunction causes a multisystem disorder including arrhythmia and autism

• Published in: Cell Vol. 119; no. 1; pp. 19 - 31
• Main Authors: Splawski, Igor, Timothy, Katherine W, Sharpe, Leah M, Decher, Niels, Kumar, Pradeep, Bloise, Raffaella, Napolitano, Carlo, Schwartz, Peter J, Joseph, Robert M, Condouris, Karen, Tager-Flusberg, Helen, Priori, Silvia G, Sanguinetti, Michael C, Keating, Mark T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.10.2004
• Subjects: Abnormalities, Multiple - genetics; Abnormalities, Multiple - physiopathology; Action Potentials - genetics; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - complications; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - genetics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - physiopathology; Autistic Disorder - complications; Autistic Disorder - genetics; Autistic Disorder - physiopathology; Brain - metabolism; Brain - physiopathology; Brain Chemistry - genetics; Calcium - metabolism; Calcium Channels, L-Type - genetics; Calcium Channels, L-Type - metabolism; Calcium Signaling - genetics; Cell Membrane - genetics; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Child; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Female; Genetic Diseases, Inborn - complications; Genetic Diseases, Inborn - genetics; Genetic Diseases, Inborn - physiopathology; Heart - physiopathology; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Limb Deformities, Congenital - complications; Limb Deformities, Congenital - genetics; Male; Mice; Mutation, Missense - genetics; Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism; Neurons - metabolism; Oocytes; Pedigree; Syndrome; Xenopus laevis
• ISSN: 0092-8674
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.011

Ca(V)1.2, the cardiac L-type calcium channel, is important for excitation and contraction of the heart. Its role in other tissues is unclear. Here we present Timothy syndrome, a novel disorder characterized by multiorgan dysfunction including lethal arrhythmias, webbing of fingers and toes, congenital heart disease, immune deficiency, intermittent hypoglycemia, cognitive abnormalities, and autism. In every case, Timothy syndrome results from the identical, de novo Ca(V)1.2 missense mutation G406R. Ca(V)1.2 is expressed in all affected tissues. Functional expression reveals that G406R produces maintained inward Ca(2+) currents by causing nearly complete loss of voltage-dependent channel inactivation. This likely induces intracellular Ca(2+) overload in multiple cell types. In the heart, prolonged Ca(2+) current delays cardiomyocyte repolarization and increases risk of arrhythmia, the ultimate cause of death in this disorder. These discoveries establish the importance of Ca(V)1.2 in human physiology and development and implicate Ca(2+) signaling in autism.