Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia albertii, emerging zoonotic enteropathogen

• Published in: Nihon saikingaku zasshi Vol. 76; no. 4; pp. 175 - 185
• Main Author: HINENOYA, Atsushi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Japanese
• Published: Tokyo JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR BACTERIOLOGY 2021; Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Subjects: Bacteria; Cytolethal distending toxin; E coli; eae gene; Epidemiology; Escherichia albertii; Foodborne diseases; Genes; Infections; Isolation media; Shiga toxin; Shiga toxin 2; Toxins; Virulence; Virulence factors; Wildlife; Wildlife surveys; Zoonoses
• ISSN: 0021-4930; 1882-4110
• DOI: 10.3412/jsb.76.175

Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic enteric pathogen, closely related to E. coli. Several foodborne outbreaks caused by E. albertii accounting for >100 patients have recently occurred in Japan. This bacterium carries eae gene, similar to enteropathogenic E. coli. Some of them harbor Shiga toxin 2 (stx2a, stx2f) genes, primary virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), suggesting that the Stx2 producers could cause severe diseases such as HUS in humans. However, due to lack of the knowledges about its bacteriological characteristics and of the diagnostic methods, E. albertii-related infections might have been underestimated, and the infection sources and routes have not yet been understood. We had continuously performed molecular epidemiological studies targeting for cytolethal distending toxin-producing E. coli, and unexpectedly found that cdt-II gene-positive isolates were not E. coli but E. albertii. This finding led us to initiate research more focusing on E. albertii. We have constructed simple, efficient and reliable methods for the detection, isolation and identification of this bacterium by developing an E. albertii-specific PCR assay targeting Eacdt genes and E. albertii-selective isolation medium named XRM-MacConkey agar. We have also identified raccoons as a potential natural reservoir of E. albertii through wildlife survey using these methods. Here, I describe what I have studied with my colleagues.