Synthesis and characterization of phthalimide-based niosomes and its investigation as a nano-drug delivery carrier to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin

•Phthalimide-based non-ionic surfactant N, N-DPD with long-chain alkyl halide.•N, N-DPD was found to be non-cytotoxic with a lower CMC value.•N, N-DPD was subject to form Niosomes.•N, N-DPD niosomes have showed high drug encapsulation efficiency.•CUR-N, N-DPD niosomes enhance the Anti-cancer and Ant...

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Published inJournal of molecular liquids Vol. 410; p. 125516
Main Authors Muhammad Habib, Shahida, Imran, Muhammad, Kawish, Muhammad, Mansoor, Farheen, Maharjan, Rukesh, Balouch, Aziz Azim, Jabeen, Almas, Usman Simjee, Shabana, Raza Shah, Muhammad
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 15.09.2024
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Summary:•Phthalimide-based non-ionic surfactant N, N-DPD with long-chain alkyl halide.•N, N-DPD was found to be non-cytotoxic with a lower CMC value.•N, N-DPD was subject to form Niosomes.•N, N-DPD niosomes have showed high drug encapsulation efficiency.•CUR-N, N-DPD niosomes enhance the Anti-cancer and Anti-inflammatory activity of potent Curcumin. To enhance the bioavailability and solubility issues of hydrophobic drugs, the development of cost-efficient nonionic surfactants has attracted scientific interest. The current study focuses on the development of phthalimide-based nonionic surfactant N, N-DPD, and its investigation as a niosomal drug delivery system for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin (CUR). Phthalimide-based nonionic surfactant was prepared via aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reaction and characterized by diverse analytical techniques by EI-MS,1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity were evaluated through an MTT assay against the NIH/3T3 cell line. The outcomes showed that the average size of N, N-DPD, and CUR-N, N-DPD vesicles were (277.4 ± 6.2) and (564.7 ± 28.1) nm, and negative zeta potential values (−28.3 ± 1.28) and (−29.2 ± 1.21) mV of these niosomal vesicles were evidence their higher stability. The developed N, N-DPD, and CUR-N, N-DPD vesicles show nearly spherical morphology as elucidated by AFM and SEM images. The CUR-N, N-DPD niosomes showed high drug encapsulation efficiency of about 64.1 ± 10.6 % and higher drug release of 80 ± 2.45 % at pH 6.8. The designed CUR-N, N-DPD niosomal vesicles depicted enhanced anti-inflammatory efficacy when tested against ROS and NO generation in comparison with CUR alone. Moreover, our developed CUR-N, N-DPD vesicles show a significant apoptotic effect against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and compared with CUR. The outcomes of the study showed that our developed CUR-N, N-DPD vesicles are efficient in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of CUR.
ISSN:0167-7322
DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2024.125516