Anthelmintic Efficacy of Solanum spirale on Fowl Tapeworm, Raillietina echinobothrida

• Published in: Proceedings of the Zoological Society Vol. 77; no. 2; pp. 190 - 198
• Main Authors: Nagi, Keleni-i, Roy, Bishnupada, Yadav, Arun K.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acid phosphatase; Adenosine triphosphatase; Alkaline phosphatase; Animal Anatomy; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Anthelmintic agents; Biodiversity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Conservation Biology/Ecology; Enzymes; Histology; Leaves; Life Sciences; Localization; Morphology; Paralysis; Phosphatase; Physical activity; Plant extracts; Praziquantel; Raillietina echinobothrida; Research Article; Scanning electron microscopy; Solanum; Tegument; Zoology; Cestode; Tegumental enzymes; Scanning electron microscopy; Traditional medicine; Anthelmintic
• ISSN: 0373-5893; 0974-6919
• DOI: 10.1007/s12595-024-00521-9

The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of methanolic leaf extract of Solanum spirale (Solanaceae), a traditionally used anthelmintic plant in India, on poultry gastrointestinal tapeworm, Raillietina echinobothrida. S. spirale methanol leaf extract was tested in vitro at 10, 20 and 30 mg/ml concentration against R. echinobothrida . Praziquantel (1 mg/ml) was used as the reference drug. The effects of extract were monitored on physical activity of parasites, besides on the tegument by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histochemical localization of major tegumental enzymes of parasite. The study demonstrated the highest efficacy of extract at 30 mg/ml concentration, wherein paralysis of worms occurred in 8.73 ± 0.09 h and mortality in 9.76 ± 0.13 h. SEM of extract-treated worms showed damage to the scolex, with distorted suckers and shrunken body segments with distorted microtriches. The histochemical studies on tegumental enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase revealed a depletion in the intensity of specific stains of these enzymes in the extract-treated worms as compared to the controls. S. spirale leaves possess significant anthelmintic properties which validates their use in traditional medicine. The results from structural and histochemical studies suggest that tegument and its associated enzymes appear to be the key targets for anthelmintic activity of extract. Graphical Abstract