Diagnóstico de infección congénita

Resumen El diagnóstico de la infección congénita está basado en: a) serología materna; b) estudio microbiológico del líquido amniótico y sangre fetal, y c) serología en el neonato y detección del agente etiológico por cultivo o PCR. La infección congénita por citomegalovirus, virus herpes simple, vi...

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Published inEnfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica Vol. 29; pp. 15 - 20
Main Authors Sampedro Martínez, Antonio, Aliaga Martínez, Luis, Mazuelas Teatino, Pablo, Rodríguez-Granger, Javier
Format Journal Article
LanguageSpanish
Published Elsevier Espana 01.12.2011
Subjects
Citomegalovirus
Congenital infections
Cultivo
Culture
Cytomegalovirus
Erythrovirus B19
Infección congénita
Infectious Disease
PCR
Serology
Serología
Syphilis
Sífilis
Toxoplasma
Virus herpes simple
Virus herpes simplex
Virus rubella
Virus rubéola
Virus varicela
Virus varicella
Cytomegalovirus
Erythrovirus B19
Serology
Infección congénita
Congenital infections
Virus varicela
Virus varicella
Toxoplasma
Serología
Virus rubella
Syphilis
Cultivo
Sífilis
Virus herpes simple
Virus rubéola
Citomegalovirus
PCR
Culture
Virus herpes simplex
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Abstract Resumen El diagnóstico de la infección congénita está basado en: a) serología materna; b) estudio microbiológico del líquido amniótico y sangre fetal, y c) serología en el neonato y detección del agente etiológico por cultivo o PCR. La infección congénita por citomegalovirus, virus herpes simple, virus varicela-zóster, Toxoplasma gondii y erythrovirus B19 suele ser el resultado de la infección primaria en la madre. Por lo tanto, la detección de anticuerpos IgG antes del embarazo permite descartar las infecciones por estos agentes. El diagnóstico serológico definitivo de infección aguda en la embarazada requiere la demostración de seroconversión. En tales casos, debe realizarse el estudio de infección congénita intrauterina en muestras de líquido amniótico y sangre fetal. Las infecciones por citomegalovirus, virus de la rubéola y T. gondii pueden diagnosticarse por detección de IgM en sangre fetal. Sin embargo, la PCR en líquido amniótico ha desplazado a las técnicas convencionales en el diagnóstico de estas infecciones. En el recién nacido, el diagnóstico puede confirmarse mediante detección de IgM específica. Erythrovirus B19 puede detectarse por PCR en líquido amniótico o sangre fetal. En la infección congénita por el virus varicela-zóster, la persistencia de IgG después del nacimiento permite establecer el diagnóstico. La detección directa del virus herpes simple en vesículas o muestras orofaríngeas es la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico de infección congénita por este agente.
AbstractList Resumen El diagnóstico de la infección congénita está basado en: a) serología materna; b) estudio microbiológico del líquido amniótico y sangre fetal, y c) serología en el neonato y detección del agente etiológico por cultivo o PCR. La infección congénita por citomegalovirus, virus herpes simple, virus varicela-zóster, Toxoplasma gondii y erythrovirus B19 suele ser el resultado de la infección primaria en la madre. Por lo tanto, la detección de anticuerpos IgG antes del embarazo permite descartar las infecciones por estos agentes. El diagnóstico serológico definitivo de infección aguda en la embarazada requiere la demostración de seroconversión. En tales casos, debe realizarse el estudio de infección congénita intrauterina en muestras de líquido amniótico y sangre fetal. Las infecciones por citomegalovirus, virus de la rubéola y T. gondii pueden diagnosticarse por detección de IgM en sangre fetal. Sin embargo, la PCR en líquido amniótico ha desplazado a las técnicas convencionales en el diagnóstico de estas infecciones. En el recién nacido, el diagnóstico puede confirmarse mediante detección de IgM específica. Erythrovirus B19 puede detectarse por PCR en líquido amniótico o sangre fetal. En la infección congénita por el virus varicela-zóster, la persistencia de IgG después del nacimiento permite establecer el diagnóstico. La detección directa del virus herpes simple en vesículas o muestras orofaríngeas es la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico de infección congénita por este agente.
El diagnóstico de la infección congénita está basado en: a) serología materna; b) estudio microbiológico del líquido amniótico y sangre fetal, y c) serología en el neonato y detección del agente etiológico por cultivo o PCR. La infección congénita por citomegalovirus, virus herpes simple, virus varicela-zóster, Toxoplasma gondii y erythrovirus B19 suele ser el resultado de la infección primaria en la madre. Por lo tanto, la detección de anticuerpos IgG antes del embarazo permite descartar las infecciones por estos agentes. El diagnóstico serológico definitivo de infección aguda en la embarazada requiere la demostración de seroconversión. En tales casos, debe realizarse el estudio de infección congénita intrauterina en muestras de líquido amniótico y sangre fetal. Las infecciones por citomegalovirus, virus de la rubéola y T. gondii pueden diagnosticarse por detección de IgM en sangre fetal. Sin embargo, la PCR en líquido amniótico ha desplazado a las técnicas convencionales en el diagnóstico de estas infecciones. En el recién nacido, el diagnóstico puede confirmarse mediante detección de IgM específica. Erythrovirus B19 puede detectarse por PCR en líquido amniótico o sangre fetal. En la infección congénita por el virus varicela-zóster, la persistencia de IgG después del nacimiento permite establecer el diagnóstico. La detección directa del virus herpes simple en vesículas o muestras orofaríngeas es la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico de infección congénita por este agente. In general, congenital diagnosis is based on: a) maternal serologic assays; b) microbiologic study of amniotic fluid or fetal blood sampling; and c) serology in children and microorganism detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture. Congenital infections due to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, varicella, B19 erythrovirus and toxoplasmosis are usually the result of primary infection in the mother. Therefore, when IgG antibodies are detected before pregnancy, these infections are ruled out. Definitive serologic diagnosis of acute infection in pregnant women requires the demonstration of seroconversion (i.e., from seronegative to seropositive). In these cases, amniotic fluid or fetal blood sampling should be performed to determine the presence of intrauterine congenital infection. Cytomegalovirus, rubella and toxoplasmosis can be diagnosed by detection of specific IgM antibodies in fetal blood. However, PCR in amniotic fluid has replaced conventional prenatal diagnostic techniques, including fetal blood sampling, in the diagnosis of these infections. In the newborn, these infections may be confirmed by measuring IgM specific antibodies. B19 erythrovirus can be detected by PCR in amniotic fluid or fetal blood. Congenital varicella-zoster infection may be diagnosed on the basis of persistence of IgG antibodies after birth. Definitive diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection requires viral isolation. Swabs or scraping from clinical specimens can be inoculated into susceptible cell lines for isolation.
Author Rodríguez-Granger, Javier
Sampedro Martínez, Antonio
Mazuelas Teatino, Pablo
Aliaga Martínez, Luis
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Keywords Cytomegalovirus
Erythrovirus B19
Serology
Infección congénita
Congenital infections
Virus varicela
Virus varicella
Toxoplasma
Serología
Virus rubella
Syphilis
Cultivo
Sífilis
Virus herpes simple
Virus rubéola
Citomegalovirus
PCR
Culture
Virus herpes simplex
Language Spanish
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Snippet Resumen El diagnóstico de la infección congénita está basado en: a) serología materna; b) estudio microbiológico del líquido amniótico y sangre fetal, y c)...
El diagnóstico de la infección congénita está basado en: a) serología materna; b) estudio microbiológico del líquido amniótico y sangre fetal, y c) serología...
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SubjectTerms Citomegalovirus
Congenital infections
Cultivo
Culture
Cytomegalovirus
Erythrovirus B19
Infección congénita
Infectious Disease
PCR
Serology
Serología
Syphilis
Sífilis
Toxoplasma
Virus herpes simple
Virus herpes simplex
Virus rubella
Virus rubéola
Virus varicela
Virus varicella
Title Diagnóstico de infección congénita
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0213-005X(11)70039-8
Volume 29
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