Multivariate Analysis of Indicators of Inhibitory and Autonomic Control in Orthostasis and Emotional Situations

• Published in: Human physiology Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. 20 - 29
• Main Authors: Krivoshchekov, S. G., Nikolaeva, E. I., Vergunov, E. G., Prihodko, A. Yu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.02.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Autonomic nervous system; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cardiovascular system; Children; Cognitive ability; Comparative analysis; Emotions; Heart rate; Human Physiology; Life Sciences; Multivariate analysis; Nervous system; Punishment; Reinforcement; reward; punishment; WizWhy; Mantel test; heart rate in emotional states; orthostasis; two-block partial least-squares; Go/NoGo paradigm
• ISSN: 0362-1197; 1608-3164
• DOI: 10.1134/S0362119721060050

The aim of the study was a multivariate comparative analysis of indicators of inhibitory control in the Go/NoGo paradigm and indicators of regulation of the autonomic nervous system in orthostasis and in emotional situations of different valences. The study involved 16 young men aged 20 to 21 years. The inclusion criteria were the absence of established medical diagnoses, the absence of systematic sports, and the absence of cardiac sinus rhythm disorders. During orthostasis, the subjects were evaluated for the levels of functioning and reserves of the cardiovascular system (the A. Riftin method), inhibitory control (the Go/NoGo paradigm), and the LF/HF ratio in emotional states (recalling situations of punishment and reward in childhood in the family). Inhibitory control was shown to play a role in the process of entering a new cognitive task. A close correlation was found between the LF/HF indicators in emotional states of different valences. An analysis of WizWhy rule 1 showed that the LF/HF ratio in the emotional state of negative valence in subgroups can be considered as a covariate to explain the physiological mechanisms of emotional state development (mechanism covariates). LF/HF in the emotional state of positive valence and the number of NoGo errors were found to have a discriminant power in subgroup identification. An analysis of WizWhy rule 2 showed that the number of NoGo errors can be used as a mechanism covariate in subgroups. The level of reserves of the cardiovascular system as an indicator was shown to have a discriminant power in subgroup identification. Possible variants of the inverted U-shaped relationship were established for the level of functioning of the cardiovascular system and LF/HF in the emotional state of positive valence. An analysis of WizWhy rule 3 showed that LF/HF in the emotional state of positive valence can be used as a mechanism covariate in subgroups. The number of NoGo errors was shown to have a discriminant power in subgroup identification. Based on the analyses of the three rules, the number of NoGo errors was involved in interactions of indicators obtained via mathematical and spectral analyses of the heart rate, suggesting complex relationships for activity of the autonomic nervous system in emotional states, the level of functioning and reserves of the cardiovascular system, and inhibitory control.