Impact of pomegranate peel extract on gut microbiota composition and metabolic health parameters in high-fat diet-fed mice

• Published in: Food bioscience Vol. 61; p. 104663
• Main Authors: Duarte, Lissette, Bustamante, Andrés, Orellana, Juan Francisco, Valenzuela, Rodrigo, Magne, Fabien, Fuentes, Jocelyn, Speisky, Hernán, Echeverría, Francisca
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2024
• Subjects: Agroindustrial by-products; Bacterial biodiversity; Diet-induced obesity; Ellagitannins; Bacterial biodiversity; Ellagitannins; Diet-induced obesity; Agroindustrial by-products
• ISSN: 2212-4292; 2212-4306
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104663

Gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in obesity pathophysiology and is heavily influenced by dietary factors. Polyphenols have shown a positive effect in preventing and treating obesity, which is blunted in the absence of GM. Pomegranate peel, known for its high content of polyphenols (ellagitannins), has been found to exhibit favorable metabolic effects in obesity. Interestingly, ellagitannins are metabolized by the action of GM. However, the specific impact of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on GM and metabolism remains unclear. to evaluate the effect of a PPE (microencapsulated or not) on the composition of GM in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and analyze its association with metabolic parameters. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 40) were randomly distributed into five groups: control diet (CD), HFD, HFD + inulin (IN), HFD + PPE (50 mg/kg/d of total polyphenols; TP), and HFD + MPPE (50 mg/kg/d TP), for 14 weeks. Liver and serum antioxidant status were assessed. GM composition, further relative abundances, and biodiversity were calculated from cecal content samples. The bacterial community clustering was analyzed using a canonical-correlation analysis (CCA). GM parameters and metabolic outcomes were evaluated for correlation (Spearman's correlation), p < 0.05. PPE and MPPE showed increased energy expenditure, reduced liver arachidonic acid content, elevated antioxidant capacity, and higher GM alpha diversity compared to HFD alone. PPE, regardless of encapsulation, ameliorated metabolic alterations induced by HFD, potentially through modulation of GM. These findings provide data on the therapeutic potential of PPE in managing obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. •Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) prevented alterations induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).•PPE enhanced energy expenditure in HFD-fed mice.•PPE reduced liver content of arachidonic acid in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.•PPE increased serum antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes expression.•PPE prevented gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased alpha diversity in HFD-fed mice.