Chemical composition and bioactivity of Codium dwarkense collected from the earthquake crack region of Ras Muhammad National Park, Red Sea, Egypt

• Published in: South African journal of botany Vol. 173; pp. 245 - 254
• Main Authors: Negm, Mohamed S., Elrayess, Ranwa A., El-Shoubaky, Gihan Ahmed, Osman, Nehal A.H.K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.10.2024
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory; Anticancer; Antidiabetic; Chemical composition; Codium dwarkense; Ras Muhammad National Park; Chemical composition; Anticancer; Codium dwarkense; Anti-inflammatory; Ras Muhammad National Park; Antidiabetic
• ISSN: 0254-6299
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.08.013

•This is one of the first studies on composition and bioactivity of Codium dwarkens.•The species is rich in minerals with potassium and calcium being predominant.•The species showed considerable amounts of vit. C and E, phenolics, and flavonoids.•HPLC and GC-MS revealed the presence of several valuable bioactive compounds.•Bioactivities are antimicrobial; antioxidant; antidiabetic; antiinflammatory; anticancer. Ras Muhammad National Park, located at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, is well-known for its unique marine biodiversity. One interesting region of the park is the Earthquake Crack, a tidal-influenced inland cave formed by a 1968 earthquake, that known for its rich seaweed community, with dominance of Codium dwarkense. This study evaluates the bioactive compounds and bioactivities of C. dwarkense from the crack region. The sample were collected, processed, and assessed for hydrographic parameters, nutritional composition, minerals, bioactive compounds, and bioactivity. Results showed high levels of carbohydrates and significant mineral content, with potassium and calcium being predominant. C. dwarkense also showed considerable amounts of vitamin C (32.4 mg/100g), vitamin E (400 mg/100g), phenolics (250.08 mg GAE/g), and flavonoids (85.4 mg rutin/g). The HPLC profile was dominated with quercetin, apigenin, pyrogallol, zeaxanthin, and benzoic acid. The GC-MS analyses identified several fatty acids, which were dominated with Hexadecanoic acid and Oleic acid. Bioactivity assays demonstrated significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This study highlights the influence of the unique features of the Earthquake Crack region on C. dwarkense ability to produce valuable bioactive compounds with diverse health benefits. These findings contribute to the recognition of C. dwarkense as a functional food and nutraceutical resource.