Emerging tin-based engineering for tumor treatment: Current advances and forward opportunities

• Published in: Coordination chemistry reviews Vol. 521; p. 216168
• Main Authors: Hu, Yaoyu, Feng, Lili, Zhu, Yanlin, Yu, Chenghao, Zhao, Ruoxi, Ding, He, Yang, Piaoping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15.12.2024
• Subjects: Dynamic therapy; Imaging diagnostics; Immunotherapy; Tin-based engineering; Tumor treatment; Imaging diagnostics; Tumor treatment; Dynamic therapy; Immunotherapy; Tin-based engineering
• ISSN: 0010-8545
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216168

Nanomaterials have become promising tools in cancer therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties and wide range of applications. Among various nanomaterials, tin-based nanomaterials have attracted much attention for their potential in treating malignant tumors. The presence of multivalent ions gives tin-based nanomaterials multiple enzymatic activities. Attributed to the quantum-confinement effect, tin-based nanomaterials have a strong light-absorption ability and can efficiently convert light energy into heat energy. The low bandgap value enables the tin-based nanomaterials to realize the separation of electron-hole pairs and mediate the enzymatic therapy under the excitation of near-infrared laser and ultrasound. On the basis of this, tin-based nanoparticles mediate the process of anti-tumor immune response by inducing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of tin-based nanomaterials with the morphology of nanoparticles, nanorods, lamellae, mesoporous nanoparticles, and tin-based composite nanomaterials for cancer therapy. The effectiveness, safety, and limitations of these nanomaterials are discussed based on the reported studies. In addition, this review discusses the challenges and prospects for the further development and clinical translation of tin-based nanomaterials in the treatment of malignant tumors. In conclusion, this review aims to deepen our understanding of the important role of tin-based nanomaterials in oncology and provide guidance for future research in this field. This review will give assistance to comprehend the comprehensive and advanced development of tin-based nanomaterials, which could not only provide suggestions for the future design of tin-based nanomaterials in cancer theranostic, but also boost the other applications of tin-based nanomaterials to satisfy the growing requirements. [Display omitted] •The mechanisms of tin-based nanomaterials in the tumor treatment are summarized and discussed in detail.•The applications of tin-based nanomaterials with different morphologies in tumor therapy are highlighted.•A systematic pharmacokinetic summary of in vivo behavior, degradability, in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of tin-based nanomaterials was performed.•The potential preponderances and main challenges of Tin-based nanomaterials in tumor theranostics are outlined.