Exploring the Endocrine Mechanisms in Adenomyosis: From Pathogenesis to Therapies

Adenomyosis (ADM) is a multifaceted uterine pathology characterized by the ectopic infiltration of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, affecting approximately 20% of women in the reproductive age group seeking gynecological care. This condition manifests as a range of debilitating symptoms, incl...

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Published inEndocrines Vol. 5; no. 1; pp. 46 - 71
Main Authors d’Otreppe, Juliette, Patino-García, Daniel, Piekos, Patryk, de Codt, Matthieu, Manavella, Diego D., Courtoy, Guillaume E., Orellana, Renan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2024
Subjects
adenomyosis
Biomechanics
Classification
dietary supplements
Endocrine disruptors
Endometriosis
Endometrium
estrogen
Estrogens
Hormones
Hypotheses
Hypoxia
Hysterectomy
Iatrogenesis
Infertility
Inflammation
Menstruation
Pathogenesis
progesterone
Stem cells
therapy
Trauma
Uterus
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Summary:Adenomyosis (ADM) is a multifaceted uterine pathology characterized by the ectopic infiltration of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, affecting approximately 20% of women in the reproductive age group seeking gynecological care. This condition manifests as a range of debilitating symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, impaired fertility, and heightened susceptibility to miscarriage and obstetric complications. Substantial research has been dedicated to exploring its underlying molecular mechanisms and developing non-invasive precision medical therapies. ADM is primarily characterized by a dysregulation in sex steroid hormone homeostasis, particularly estrogen and progesterone. However, emerging evidence suggests that additional endocrine mediators and disruptors may play contributory roles in the etiology of ADM. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of endocrine signaling pathways have been implicated as prevailing mechanisms underlying the development and progression of the disease. The present review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of ADM, with a particular emphasis on the dysregulated hormonal milieu and the potential involvement of endocrine disruptors. By elucidating these intricate molecular mechanisms, this review seeks to pave the way for novel research directions in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for ADM management.
ISSN:2673-396X
2673-396X
DOI:10.3390/endocrines5010004